Kwinkqubela phambili enkulu ye-3D bioprinting ubuchule, iiseli kunye nezicubu zenziwe ukuba ziziphathe kakuhle kwindawo yazo yendalo ukuze zakhe izakhiwo zebhayoloji 'zokwenyani'.
Ukuprinta nge-3D yinkqubo apho izinto zongezwa kunye, ngaloo ndlela zidityaniswa okanye ziqiniswe phantsi kolawulo lwedijithali lwekhompyutha ukuze kwenziwe into okanye into enamacala amathathu. Ukuprinta okuKhawulezayo kunye nokuVelisa okuNgezelelayo ngamanye amagama asetyenziswa ukuchaza le ndlela yokudalwa kwezinto okanye izinto ezintsonkothileyo ngokudibanisa izinto kunye nokwakhiwa kancinci kancinci - okanye nje indlela 'yokongeza'. Le teknoloji imangalisayo ibikho kangangeminyaka engamashumi amathathu emva kokufunyanwa ngokusesikweni ngo-1987, kutshanje nje ibekwe kwindawo yodumo njengengeyondlela yokuvelisa iiprototypes kuphela kodwa inika izinto ezisebenzayo ezipheleleyo. Amathuba okuprinta nge-3D anjalo kangangokuba ngoku iqhuba izinto ezintsha kwiindawo ezininzi kubandakanya ubunjineli, imveliso kunye neyeza.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela zokwenza izinto ezongezelelweyo ezilandela amanyathelo afanayo ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo zokugqibela. Kwinyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo, uyilo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeCAD (Computer-Aided-Design) kwikhompyutha – ebizwa ngokuba yi-digital blueprint. Le software inokuqikelela indlela ulwakhiwo lokugqibela oluza kuphuma ngayo kwaye luziphathe ngayo, ngoko ke eli nyathelo lokuqala libalulekile kwisiphumo esihle. Olu yilo lweCAD luguqulwa lube yifomathi yobugcisa (ebizwa ngokuba yifayile ye-.stl okanye ulwimi oluqhelekileyo lwe-tessellation) olufunekayo ukuze iprinta ye-3D ikwazi ukutolika imiyalelo yoyilo. Okulandelayo, iprinta ye-3D kufuneka isetwe (efana neprinta ye-2D eqhelekileyo, yasekhaya okanye yeofisi) yokuprinta yokwenyani – oku kuquka ukumisela ubungakanani kunye nokujonga, ukukhetha iiprinta ze-landscape okanye ze-portrait, ukuzalisa iikhatriji zeprinta ngomgubo ofanelekileyo. Iprinta ye-3D emva koko iqala inkqubo yokuprinta, yakha kancinci uyilo umaleko omnye omncinci wezinto ngexesha. Olu maleko luhlala lumalunga ne-0.1mm ubukhulu nangona lunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze lufanele into ethile eprintiweyo. Yonke le nkqubo isetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye akukho mfuneko yokungenelela ngokwasemzimbeni, kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Into ethile ithatha iiyure ezininzi ukuya kwiintsuku ukugqiba, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nobunzima boyilo. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni iyindlela 'yokongeza', ingabizi kakhulu, inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo (ayinankcitho) kwaye ikwabonelela ngobubanzi obukhulu boyilo.
Inqanaba elilandelayo: 3D Bioprinting
I-Bioprinting lulwandiso loshicilelo lwendabuko lwe-3D kunye nophuhliso lwakutshanje oluvumela ukuprintwa kwe-3D ukuba kusetyenziswe kwizinto eziphilayo zebhayoloji. Ngelixa ukuprintwa kwe-inkjet ye-3D sele kusetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa nokwenza izixhobo zonyango eziphambili, inyathelo elingaphezulu kufuneka liphuhliswe ukuprinta, ukujonga nokuqonda iimolekyuli zebhayoloji. Umahluko obalulekileyo kukuba ngokungafaniyo nokuprintwa kwe-inkjet, i-bioprinting isekelwe kwi-ink ye-bio, equlethwe zizakhiwo zeeseli eziphilayo. Ke, kwi-bioprinting, xa kufakwa imodeli ethile yedijithali, izicubu eziphilayo ezithile ziyaprintwa kwaye zakhiwe ngokulandelelana kweseli. Ngenxa yezinto ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu zeseli zomzimba ophilayo, i-3D bioprinting iqhubeka kancinci kwaye ubunzima obufana nokukhetha izinto, iiseli, izinto, izicubu zibangela imingeni eyongezelelweyo yenkqubo. Ezi ngxaki zinokujongwa ngokwandisa ukuqonda ngokudibanisa itekhnoloji kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo umz. i-biology, ifiziksi kunye neyeza.
Inkqubela phambili enkulu kwi-bioprinting
Kwisifundo esipapashwe kwi- Advanced Functional Materials , abaphandi baphuhlise indlela ye-3D bioprinting esebenzisa iiseli kunye neemolekyuli ezifumaneka kwiithishu zendalo (indawo yazo yendalo) ukwenza izakhiwo okanye uyilo olufana nezakhiwo zebhayoloji 'zokwenyani'. Le ndlela ithile ye-bioprinting idibanisa 'i-molecular self-assembly' kunye 'ne-3D printing' ukwenza izakhiwo ze-biomolecular ezintsonkothileyo. I-molecular self-assembly yinkqubo apho iimolekyuli zamkela khona ulungiselelo oluchaziweyo zodwa ukuze zenze umsebenzi othile. Le ndlela idibanisa 'ulawulo oluncinci kunye nolwe-macroscopic lweempawu zesakhiwo' olunikezelwa 'yi-3D printing' kunye 'nolawulo lwe-molecular kunye ne-nano-scale' oluvuselelwa 'yi-molecular self-assembly'. Isebenzisa amandla e-molecular self-assembly ukuvuselela iiseli eziprintwayo, oku kungumda kushicilelo lwe-3D xa 'i-inki yokuprinta ye-3D eqhelekileyo' ingaboneleli ngale ndlela yoku.
Abaphandi 'bafake' izakhiwo kwi-'inki ye-bio' efana nendawo yazo yendalo ngaphakathi emzimbeni, nto leyo eyenza izakhiwo ziziphathe ngendlela ebeziziphatha ngayo emzimbeni. Le inki ye-bio, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-inki yokuzihlanganisa ngokwayo inceda ukulawula okanye ukuguqula iipropati zeekhemikhali nezomzimba ngexesha nasemva kokuprinta, nto leyo evumela ukuba kukhuthazwe ukuziphatha kweeseli ngokufanelekileyo. Indlela eyahlukileyo xa isetyenziswa kwi- bioprinting isenza sikwazi ukujonga indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi seli kwiindawo zazo, ngaloo ndlela isinika umfanekiso kunye nokuqonda imeko yokwenyani yebhayoloji. Iphakamisa amathuba okwakha izakhiwo zebhayoloji ze-3D ngokuprinta iintlobo ezininzi zee-biomolecules ezikwaziyo ukuhlangana zibe zizakhiwo ezichazwe kakuhle kwizikali ezahlukeneyo.
Ikamva linethemba elikhulu!
Uphando lwe-Bioprinting sele lusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu kwaye ngoko kunokubaluleka kakhulu kubunjineli bezicubu kunye neyeza lokuvuselela ukujongana nesidingo sezicubu kunye nezitho ezilungele ukutshintshwa - ulusu, ithambo, i-grafts, izicubu zentliziyo njl. ivula uluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba okuyila kunye nokudala iimeko zebhayoloji ezifana nemekobume entsonkothileyo kunye neyodwa yeeseli ukwenza ukuchuma kobunjineli beethishu ngokudala izinto okanye ulwakhiwo-phantsi kolawulo lwedijithali kunye nokuchaneka kwemolekyuli- efana okanye ukulinganisa izicubu emzimbeni. Izicubu eziphilayo, ithambo, imithambo yegazi kunye, okunokubakho kunye neemodeli zamalungu apheleleyo zinokwenzeka ukwenza iinkqubo zonyango, uqeqesho, uvavanyo, uphando kunye nokufunyanwa kweziyobisi. Isizukulwana esithe ngqo solwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lwesigulana sinokunceda ekuyileni unyango oluchanekileyo, olujolisiweyo kunye nolwenzelwe wena.
Enye yezona zithintelo zinkulu kwi-bioprinting kunye ne-3D inkjet printing ngokubanzi ibe kukuphuhliswa kwesoftware ephucukileyo neyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlangabezana nomngeni kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuprinta - ukwenza uyilo olufanelekileyo okanye iplani. Umzekelo, iplani yezinto ezingaphiliyo inokwenziwa lula kodwa xa kufikwa ekudaleni iimodeli zedijithali ezifana nesibindi okanye intliziyo, kunzima kwaye akuthe ngqo njengezinye izinto eziphathekayo. I-Bioprinting ngokuqinisekileyo ineenzuzo ezininzi - ulawulo oluchanekileyo, ukuphindaphindeka kunye noyilo lomntu ngamnye kodwa isajongene nemingeni emininzi - eyona ibalulekileyo kukubandakanywa kweentlobo ezininzi zeeseli kwisakhiwo sendawo kuba indawo yokuhlala iyatshintshatshintsha kwaye ayitshintshi. Olu phononongo lube negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe- 3D bioprinting kwaye imiqobo emininzi inokususwa ngokulandela imigaqo yayo. Kuyacaca ukuba impumelelo yokwenyani ye-bioprinting ineenkalo ezininzi eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo enokunika amandla i-bioprinting kukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo nezifanelekileyo ze-biomaterials, ukuphucula isisombululo sokuprinta kunye nokusasazwa kwemithambo yegazi ukuze kusetyenziswe le teknoloji ngempumelelo ngokwezonyango. Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka 'ukudala' amalungu asebenza ngokupheleleyo nasebenzayo okufakelwa umntu nge-bioprinting kodwa nangona kunjalo eli candelo liqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye uninzi lophuhliso luphambili ngoku kwiminyaka embalwa nje. Kufanele ukuba kufezekiswe ukoyisa uninzi lwemingeni enxulumene ne-bioprinting kuba abaphandi kunye neenjineli ze-biomedical sele besendleleni eya kwi-bioprinting eyinkimbinkimbi ephumelelayo.
Eminye imiba ngeBioprinting
Ingongoma ebalulekileyo ephakanyisiweyo kwicandelo le- bioprinting kukuba phantse akunakwenzeka kweli nqanaba ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwalo naluphi na unyango 'olwenzelwe wena' olunikezelwa kwizigulana ezisebenzisa le ndlela. Kwakhona, iindleko ezinxulumene nonyango olunjalo yingxaki enkulu ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekuvelisweni. Nangona kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuphuhlisa amalungu asebenzayo anokuthatha indawo yamalungu omntu, kodwa nangona kunjalo, okwangoku akukho ndlela icacileyo yokuvavanya ukuba umzimba wesigulana uya kwamkela na izicubu ezintsha okanye amalungu okwenziwa avelisiweyo kunye nokuba olo tyando luya kuphumelela na.
I-Bioprinting yimarike ekhulayo kwaye iya kugxila ekuphuhlisweni kwezicubu kunye namalungu omzimba kwaye mhlawumbi kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo iziphumo ezintsha ziya kubonakala kwizitho zomntu eziprintiweyo ze-3D kunye nokufakelwa . I-3D bioprinting iya kuqhubeka nokuba lolona phuhliso lwezonyango lubalulekileyo nolufanelekileyo ebomini bethu.
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Umthombo (s)
I-Hedegaard CL 2018. Ukuzihlanganisa kwe-Hyderarchical Hierarchical ye-Peptide-Protein Bioinks ekhokelwa yi-Hydrodynamically. Izixhobo zokusebenza eziphambili . https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201703716
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