Uphononongo lubonisa okokuqala isincedisi-ntliziyo esisebenza ngokwaso esivavanywe ngempumelelo kwiihagu
Intliziyo yethu igcina isantya sayo ngaphakathi kwi -pacemaker yayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-sinoatrial node (SA node), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-sinus node ekwigumbi eliphezulu lasekunene. Le pacemaker yangaphakathi ikhupha itshaja yombane izihlandlo ezingama-60-100 ngomzuzu kwaye la mandla enza ukushwabana kwimisipha yentliziyo okuvumela intliziyo yethu ukuba ipompe igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Njengoko sikhula okanye sigula, le pacemaker yangaphakathi ayikwazi ukugcina intliziyo ibetha kakuhle. Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga kukwabangelwa yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-arrythmia enciphisa isantya sentliziyo yomntu. Ukuthatha indawo yale lahleko, i- pacemaker yesiqhelo yentliziyo - isixhobo se-elektroniki esisebenza ngebhetri - sinokufakwa ngotyando ngaphakathi kwesigulana ukuze kulungiswe ukubetha kwentliziyo kwaye kugcinwe intliziyo ibetha rhoqo.
Isincedisi sentliziyo semveli
Esi sixhobo sinejenereyitha ye-pulse enebhetri efakwe phantsi kwesikhumba kufuphi nethambo lekhola. Ikwanazo neengcingo ezigqunyiweyo ezidibanisa isixhobo nentliziyo. Isekethe ye-elektroniki yenza imiqondiso yombane eziswa entliziyweni nge-electrode. Isincedisi-ntliziyo sisixhobo esisindisa ubomi; nangona kunjalo, omnye umda obalulekileyo we-pacemaker yangoku kukuba kufuneka zitshintshwe nangaliphi na ixesha phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-12 yokuqala xa zifakelwe ngenxa yobomi obulinganiselweyo bebhetri. Ufakelo lunokwenziwa kuphela ngotyando oluhlaselayo kusetyenziswa i-anesthesia yendawo leyo ngokwayo engumngeni njengoko umngxuma wesifuba wesigulana ufuna ukuvulwa. Utyando alubizi nje kuphela kodwa lukwanyusa ingozi yesigulana yokuba neengxaki, ukosuleleka okanye ukopha. Olunye uhlobo lwe-pacemaker encinci lwenziwe olunokuthi lufakwe nge-catheter ukuphepha utyando kodwa lusavavanywa.
Abaphandi bebegxile ekwakheni ii-pacemakers zentliziyo ezinokuthi zisebenzise amandla endalo avela kwintliziyo yomntu endaweni yebhetri. Ngokwethiyori, i-pacemaker enjalo ayizukudinga ukutshintshwa xa ifakiwe ngaphakathi kwesigulana. Ii-pacemakers ezisebenza nge-plutonium zenziwe kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Uyilo lovavanyo lwee-pacemakers ezintsha luye lwajongana nemida emininzi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku - njengesakhiwo soyilo esiqinileyo esithintela amandla aso kunye neengxaki nge-miniaturization.
Isincedisi-ntliziyo esingenazibhetri esinoyilo olulodwa
Kwisifundo esitsha esipapashwe kwi- ACS Nano researchers ezivela kwiNational Key Laboratory for Science and Technology, eShanghai, eTshayina, bazimisele ukuyila isixhobo esitsha esincinci se-pacemaker esinokusebenza ngamandla okubetha kwentliziyo yomntu kwaye bavavanye ngempumelelo esi sixhobo kwiihagu. Esi sixhobo sitsha sinokufakwa phantsi kwentliziyo kunokuba sibekwe kufutshane nethambo lekhola njengakwi-pacemakers eqhelekileyo. I-pacemaker isekelwe kubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwentliziyo yomntu nesixhobo.
Uyilo lwale pacemaker intsha lwaqalwa ngokwenza isakhelo seplastiki esincinci esiguquguqukayo. Esi sakhelo sahlanganiswa neengqimba ze-piezoelectric ezathi xa zigobile zavelisa amandla. Le nxalenye, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'energy harvester' yafakwa kwi-chip. Esi sixhobo safakwa kwiihagu kwaye kwabonwa ukuba ukubetha kwentliziyo yesilwanyana kunokutshintsha (ukugoba) imo yesakhelo ngaloo ndlela kuvelisa amandla aneleyo (amandla) alingana ne- pacemaker esebenza ngebhetri . Isakhelo seplastiki esiguquguqukayo sesixhobo sivumela ukuba sibambe amandla amaninzi entliziyweni xa kuthelekiswa ne-pacemaker zemveli ezinee-hard cases.
Ekubeni abantu bene-physiology efana kakhulu neehagu, le pacemaker ingasebenza kakuhle nakubantu. Abaphandi babonisa imiba ethile yobuchwephesha ekufuneka ijongwe, umzekelo, esi sixhobo siquka iitekhnoloji ezintathu ezahlukeneyo – i-energy harvester, i-pacemaker chip kunye neentambo – ekufuneka zidityaniswe kwisixhobo esinye. Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kwizilwanyana nakwibantu lunokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesixhobo ixesha elide. Esi sixhobo ukuba siphumelele siya kufuna utyando olungenelelayo kuphela kanye xa kunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zesigulana. Omnye umda omkhulu wesi sixhobo sitsha unokuba kukuba oogqirha banokungakwazi ukujonga izigulane kude njengakwimeko ye-pacemakers esebenza ngebhetri.
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Umthombo (s)
UNing L et al. 2019. Ukunika amandla ngokuthe ngqo i-Pacemaker yokwenyani yentliziyo ngamandla endalo e-Heartbeat. I-ACS Nano . https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b08567
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