Uphononongo lwebala elinzulu likaJames Webb Space Telescope phantsi kweJWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) libonisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba uninzi lweminyele ijikeleza kwicala elichasene necala lokujikeleza kweMilky Way. Oku Ukungakhethi cala kwicala lokujikeleza kweminyele kuchasene nemigaqo yecosmological efuna inani leminyele ejikelezayo kwicala elinye ukuze iphantse ilingane nenani leminyele ejikeleza kwelinye icala. Umgaqo osemgangathweni we-cosmological (CP) inombono wokuba indalo iphela i-homogenous kunye ne-isotropic kumlinganiselo omkhulu, oko kukuthi, indalo iphela iyafana kuwo onke amacala, akukho nto ikhethwayo. Isizathu esichanekileyo sokungahambelani okuphawulweyo asaziwa. Mhlawumbi, umgaqo we-cosmological awuphelelanga ekubambeni ubungakanani obukhulu bendalo yonke kwaye indalo iphela yaqala nge-spin, okanye inepateni ephindaphindiweyo ye-fractal.
Umgaqo wecosmological (CP) yenye yeengcamango ezisisiseko kwicosmology. Ngokwale nto, indalo iphela i-homogenous kunye ne-isotropic, kwizinga elikhulu ngokwaneleyo, oko kukuthi, indalo iphela iyafana kuzo zonke iinkalo, akukho kukhethwa kwecala. Kumxholo wecala lokujikeleza kweminyele, umgaqo osemgangathweni we-cosmological uthetha ukuba inani leminyele ejikeleza kwicala elinye kufuneka liphantse lilingane nenani leminyele ejikeleza kwelinye icala. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zangaphambili zibonise ukuba akunjalo kwaye zacebisa i-asymmetry kwicala lokujikeleza kwegalaksi. Uhlalutyo lwakutsha nje lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezigqithisileyo zeminyele kwindalo yangaphambili olubonelelwe yiJWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) lubonisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba uninzi lweminyele ekwimimandla enzulu ijikeleza kwicala elichasene necala lokujikeleza kumnyele wasekhaya iMilky Way.
| iMilky Way – umnyele esiphila kuwo 1. Umnyele wethu wasekhaya iMilky Way ngumnyele ongqukuva onobubanzi obume okwedisk. 2. Zonke iinkwenkwezi (kubandakanywa nelanga) kunye negesi ekwidiski zijikeleza kwiziko le-galactic kwicala elichasene newotshi (kumntu obukeleyo ngaphezu kwendiza yegalaksi). 3. Ilanga kunye nesixokelelwano salo sezijikelezi-langa kuqukwa noMhlaba zibekwe kwi-Orion-Cygnus spiral arm malunga ne-25,000 lightyears ukusuka kwiziko le-galactic kwaye kuthatha malunga ne-230 yezigidi zeminyaka ukugqiba ukujikeleza kube kanye ukujikeleza embindini. 4. Umhlaba, indawo esikuphononongayo, ukwajikeleza kumbindi wegalaksi kwicala elichasene newotshi kunye nayo yonke enye into ekwiMilky Way. |
| UPhando oluNzulu lwe-JWST oluNzulu lwe-Extragalactic (JADES) 1. Injongo: ukufunda ngendalo yokuqala 2. Iphononongo ngokwenziwa kweminyele kunye ne-evolution ukusuka kwi-redshift ephezulu ukuya kwi-cosmic noon (ehambelana ne-redshifts ka-z = 2–3, xa indalo iphela yayimalunga ne-2 ukuya kwi-3 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka ubudala) 3. Isebenzisa i-imaging ye-infrared kunye ne-spectroscopy kwiindawo ezinzulu ze-GOODS-S kunye ne-GOODS-N (i-GOODS-N ihambelana ne-Hubble Deep Field North, ngelixa i-GOODS-S ihambelana ne-Chandra Deep Field South). 4. Kunyaka wokuqala, abaphandi beJADES badibana namakhulu eminyele yabaviwa kwiminyaka yokuqala eyi-650 yezigidi emva kogqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu. |
| UVavanyo oluNzulu lweObservatories (iGOODS) 1. Idibanisa uphononongo olunzulu oluvela kwiiGreat Observatories ezintathu: iHubble Space Telescope, iSpitzer Space Telescope, kunye neChandra X-ray Observatory, kunye nedatha evela kwezinye iiteleskopu. 2. Yenza izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zifunde ukuyilwa kunye nokuvela kweminyele kwindawo ekude, ekuqaleni kwendalo. 3. ijolise ekudibaniseni imigqaliselo enzulu kakhulu evela kwi-NASA's Great Observatories (i-Spitzer, i-Hubble kunye ne-Chandra), i-Herschel ye-ESA kunye ne-XMM-Newton, kunye nezona ndawo zinamandla emhlabeni. |
Kwimifanekiso enzulu yendalo yamandulo eyabanjwa yiJWST phantsi kwenkqubo yeJADES, kufumaniseke ukuba inani leminyele ejikelezayo isiya kwicala elichasene necala lokujikeleza kweMilky Way ngama-50% aphezulu kunenani leminyele ejikeleza kwicala elinye neMilky Way. Ke, kukho i-asymmetry echaziweyo ekusasazweni kwegalaksi spin izikhombisi kwindalo yokuqala.
Isizathu esichanekileyo esinoxanduva lwe-asymmetry eqatshelweyo echasene noMgaqo oMgangatho weCosmological ayaziwa. Ingcamango yokuba "indalo iphela i-homogenous kunye ne-isotropic ngomlinganiselo omkhulu" ayingqinwanga. Uqwalaselo olunzulu lweJWST lubonakala ngathi luyayophula. Mhlawumbi, umgaqo awuphelelanga kwaye awuthathi ngokufanelekileyo isakhiwo esikhulu (LSS) sendalo yonke yokuqala.
Iimodeli ezizezinye zecosmological zaphula ingqikelelo ye-isotropy yoMgangatho weCosmological Principle kodwa ichaza ukunyhashwa okuphawulweyo kwe-symmetry kwicala lokujikeleza kweminyele. I-cosmology yomngxuma omnyama (BHC) kunye nethiyori yokujikeleza kwendalo yonke yenye imodeli enjalo. Ngokwale nto, indalo iphela ibanjwe kumngxuma omnyama kwindalo engumzali. Kuba, umngxuma omnyama uyajikeleza, indalo iphela ebanjwe ngaphakathi kumngxunya omnyama nayo ijikeleza kwicala elinye, yiyo loo nto indalo iphela ine-axis okanye indlela ekhethwayo yokujikeleza enokuchaza ukuba kutheni uninzi lweminyele ebonwa kwindawo enzulu yeJWST inecala elinye lokujikeleza. Ulwakhiwo lwe-fractal lwendalo iphela yenye imodeli engenye esekwe kuqikelelo lokuba ulwakhiwo olukhulu lwendalo iphela lunolwakhiwo oluqhekezayo. Ipateni ephindaphindiweyo ye-fractal iyala ukungahambi kakuhle kwindalo yonke ngoko ukuphulwa kwe-symmetry kwiindlela zokujikeleza kweminyele.
Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba umgaqo wendalo yonke uyasebenza ngokwenene, indalo iphela ayinamkhethe, kwaye ukubonwa kokungakhethi cala kwicala lomnyele ojikelezayo kwindawo enzulu yeJWST ukuya kumkhi-mkhanyo osekwe eMhlabeni sisiphumo sesantya esijikelezayo seminyele ephawulweyo ngokunxulumene nesantya sokujikeleza seMilky Way ekuqaqambeni kweminyele. Igalaksi ejikeleza kwicala elichasene necala lokujikeleza kweMilky Way ibonakala iqaqambile ngenxa yesiphumo sokutshintsha kweDoppler kwaye iyabonakala ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko impembelelo yesantya sokujikeleza ekukhanyeni kweminyele incinci, kunzima ukucacisa imigqaliselo eyenziwe nge-JADES kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Mhlawumbi, enye into engaziwayo yefiziksi yokujikeleza kwegalaksi ichaphazela uqwalaselo.
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Iingxelo:
- Shamir L., 2025. Ukusasazwa kokujikeleza kwegalaksi kwi-JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey. Izaziso zeNyanga zeRoyal Astronomical Society, uMqulu 538, iNkupho 1, Matshi 2025, Amaphepha 76–91. Ipapashwe nge-17 kaFebruwari 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf292
- I-Kansas State University News – Uphononongo lomphandi we-K-State lwenza uphononongo oludidayo malunga neMilky Way, ukujikeleza kweminyele yesijukujuku esinzulu. Ithunyelwe nge-12 kaMatshi 2025. Ifumaneka apha https://www.k-state.edu/media/articles/2025/03/lior-shamir-james-webb-space-telescope-spinning-galaxies.html
- Max-planck-gesellschaft. Iindaba - Umsebenzi wokuhlangula kumgaqo wendalo yonke. Ithunyelwe nge-17 Septemba 2024. Ifumaneka apha https://www.mpg.de/23150751/meerkat-absorption-line-survey-and-the-cosmological-principle
- Aluri PK, et al 2023. Ngaba i-Universe ebonakalayo iyahambelana noMgaqo weCosmological? IClassical kunye neQuantum Gravity, uMqulu 40, iNombolo 9. Ipapashwe nge-4 ku-Epreli 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/acbefc
- Peterson C.,. Ngaba Indalo Iphela Yazalelwa Kumngxuma Omnyama? Ifumaneka e https://www.newhaven.edu/_resources/documents/academics/surf/past-projects/2015/charles-peterson-paper.pdf
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Amanqaku afanelekileyo:
- Indalo yamandulo: Eyona Galaxy ikude “iJADES-GS-z14-0″ imiceli mngeni yeeModeli zoKwakha zeGalaxy (12 Agasti 2024)
- Izinto ezingqubanayo zesuntswana zophononongo lwe "Indalo yamandulo kakhulu": I-Muon collider ibonisiwe (31 Okthobha 2024)
- I-Paradox yeeNkwenkwezi ezityebileyo kwiNdalo yamandulo (27 Septemba 2024)
- I-Milky Way: UkuJonga okuNgcaciso ngakumbi kwe-Warp (18 Januwari 2021)
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 unequivocally show that most of the galaxies rotate in direction opposite to the direction of rotation of Milky Way. This non-randomness in direction of galaxy rotation contravenes cosmological principles which requires number of galaxies rotating in one direction to be nearly the same as number of galaxies rotating in the opposite direction. The standard cosmological principle (CP) holds the view that the universe is homogenous and isotropic on large scale, i.e., universe is the same in all directions, there is no directional preference. The exact reason for the observed inconsistency is not known. Perhaps, the cosmological principle is incomplete in capturing large-scale structure of the universe and the universe began with a spin, or it has a repeating fractal pattern.){kind=link}