UJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST): Indawo yokuQala yokuQala yeNdawo yokuQala yeNdawo yokuQala

UJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) iya kugxila ngokukodwa kwi-infrared astronomy ukufunda kwangoko yonke. Iyakukhangela imiqondiso ye-optical/infrared kwasekuqaleni iinkwenkwezi kunye neminyele eyenziwe kwi Ehlabathini ngokukhawuleza emva kweBig Bang ukuze kuqondwe ngcono ukusekwa kunye nokuvela kweminyele kunye nokusekwa kwe iinkwenkwezi kwaye planari Iinkqubo. IJWST nayo iya kufunda planari iinkqubo kunye nemvelaphi yobomi. Ekudala ilindelwe IJWST ngoku icwangciselwe ukusungulwa nge-18 kaDisemba 2021.  

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu ujolisa iteleskopu kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukuze ayibone. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uye ugxininise kwanto ngabom kwaye oko kutshintsha ikhondo lecandelo lokufunda. Isigqibo sokugxila Hubble isithuba iteleskopu engenanto kumasimi angekaphononongwa esibhakabhakeni yayisesinye sesiganeko esatshintsha ikhondo lenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. 

Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi eziphunyeziweyo ze Hubble isithuba ITelescope (HST), imifanekiso enzulu yomhlaba eyathathwa kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-10 ngo-1995 xa yathatha imifanekiso emalunga nama-3000 yeminyele kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo endaleko yeenkwenkwezi iye yaguqula inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi yaze yatshintsha indlela esiqonda ngayo iinkwenkwezi. yonke.  

Le mifanekiso yentsimi enzulu yenziwe ngokukhanya okuye kwahamba ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu yonke kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka yokukhanya ngokwandisa yonke kwaye yayifikile eMhlabeni ngoku ukuba ibanjwe yi Hubble iteleskopu emva kokuba yavela ekuqaleni iinkwenkwezi kunye neminyele eyileka kamsinya nje emva kweBig Bang malunga neminyaka eli-13 lamawaka ezigidi eyadlulayo. Ke, njengoko imifanekiso yentsimi enzulu ichazwa kwangaphambili iinkwenkwezi neminyele njengoko yayinjalo ngoko kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Lo yayilinyathelo elimangalisayo ngokwenene.  

Kodwa, obu buchule bokubamba imiqondiso ye-primordial optical yokuphuhlisa ukuqonda kwangethuba yonke ayinakuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo se-methodological ngenxa yenyani eyafunyanwa ngo-1929 ngu-Edwin Hubble ukuba yonke iyanda kwaye yonke iminyele ihambela kude enye kwenye njengoko kungqinwa yi-redshift ye Galaxy's spectrum ukuya kumaza aphezulu kwingingqi ye-infrared (IR). Kodwa ke Hubble iteleskopu ixhotyiselwe ukujonga kwi-UV, indawo ebonakalayo kunye nekufuphi ne-infrared kungoko imfuno ye-infrared ekhethekileyo. ukujonga in isithuba.  

The UJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) ngoko ke ilandela i Hubble isithuba iteleskopu (HST) ngengqiqo yokuba UJames Webb iteleskopu ijolise ekuqhubeleni phambili Hubble ilifa leteleskopu kwindawo yokufunda kwangethuba yonke. IJWST iya kusebenza ngokukodwa kwi-astronomy ye-infrared kwaye ilandele iinjongo ezine eziphambili: 

Ngezi zizathu, IJWST kufuneka yahluke Hubble iteleskopu kuyilo kunye nokusebenza. Yiteleskopu ebonakalisayo eyenzelwe ukubamba imisebe ekufutshane ne-infrared evela kwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu nesipili esikhulu sesitayile se-origami esenza ukuba sibe namandla aphindwe ka-100 kunoko. Hubble. Inyaniso, IJWST lelona likhulu isithuba iteleskopu ngonaphakade. Ukugcina ubuntununtunu be-infrared obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili, IJWST inokhuseleko kungcoliseko lwe-infrared elangeni ngokusebenzisa isikhuselo selanga esinemigangatho emi-5. Ngaphaya koko, ukunceda ukugcina ubushushu bayo obusezantsi kakhulu obuyi-50 Kelvin (-223° C okanye -370° F), iJWST iya kubekwa kwindawo ukuhamba ujikeleze ilanga kwithunzi elibandayo loMhlaba lonke ixesha kufutshane nendawo yesibini yeLagrange (L2) yenkqubo yoMhlaba-Langa kumgama omalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka eMhlabeni.  

Ukubekwa kwe IJWST kufuphi ne-Sun-Earth inkqubo L2 ukuhamba kuthetha, ngokungafaniyo Hubble iteleskopu eyafumana ukulungiswa nokugcinwa okuliqela kwindawo isithuba, IJWST iya kuba iyodwa ngokupheleleyo emva kokuqaliswa ngoko ke akukho mda wayo nayiphi na impazamo konke konke. Mhlawumbi oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni ukuqaliswa kwe IJWST iphantse yalibaziseka unaphakade.  

Ngoku, IJWST icwangciselwe ukusungulwa nge-18 kaDisemba 2021.  

Nge-02 kaNovemba ka-2021, IJWST sele ifikile ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yayo yokuqaliswa eFrench Guiana kwaye iqela lobugcisa lilungiselela ukunyuswa kwi-18 kaDisemba.  

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Imithombo:  

1. NASA 2021. Iteleskopu yeWebb-iNdlela yokuQaliswa naNgaphaya kweNASA kaJames Webb isithuba Isibonakude. Ithunyelwe nge-02 Novemba 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/the-road-to-launch-and-beyond-for-nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope  

2. NASA. I-JWST-Imibuzo ngokubanzi malunga neWebb. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/about/faqs/faq.html  

3. NASA. I-JWST-Iinyaniso eziphambili. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/features/keyFactsInternational/ 

1. ESA. Inzululwazi noPhononongo. Webb-Ukubona ngakumbi. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Webb 

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