Uphononongo lwe-Exoplanet: Iiplanethi ze-TRAPPIST-1 ziyafana ngoxinaniso

Uphando lwakutshanje lutyhile ukuba zonke ii -exoplanets ezisixhenxe kwinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi ye-TRAPPIST-1 zinobunzima obufanayo kunye nokwakheka okufana noMhlaba. Oku kubalulekile kuba kwakha isiseko solwazi lwemodeli yokuqonda ii- exoplanets ezifana noMhlaba ngaphandle kwenkqubo yelanga.

Iinkwenkwezi ezikwigalaksi zineenkqubo zeenkwenkwezi eziquka ikakhulu iiplanethi zazo kunye neesathelayithi. Umzekelo, inkqubo yethu yeenkwenkwezi yasekhaya, inkqubo yelanga, ineeplanethi ezilithoba ( ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye nokwakheka) kunye neesathelayithi zazo. IMercury, iVenus, uMhlaba kunye neMars , iiplanethi ezine ezikufutshane neLanga zineendawo ezinamatye ngoko ke zibizwa ngokuba ziiplanethi zomhlaba. Kwelinye icala, iJupiter, iSaturn, iUranus, iNeptune zenziwe ngeegesi. Iplanethi yoMhlaba kwinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi yeLanga ikhethekile ekuxhaseni ubomi.

Ukufuna ihlabathi elinokuhlalwa ngaphaya koMhlaba kuthetha ukukhangela iiplanethi ezinokuhlalwa kwiinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi zezinye iinkwenkwezi . Kunokubakho iitriliyoni zeeplanethi ngaphandle kwenkqubo yelanga. Ezi planethi zibizwa ngokuba zii-exoplanets . Ngaba kukho naziphi na ii -exoplanets ezingenakubalwa ezixhasa ubomi? Naliphi na i-exoplanets enjalo linokuba lelo lasemhlabeni kuphela elinomphezulu oqinileyo wamatye njengoMhlaba. Ngoko ke, ukufunda ngee -exoplanets zomhlaba yindawo enomdla kakhulu yokufunda. Uluntu lwee -exoplanets luluntu oluphandayo olusebenzayo ekufuneni ukuchonga ihlabathi elinokuba nobomi kwiinkwenkwezi ezingaphandle kwenkqubo yelanga.

Inkwenkwezi encinci iTRAPPIST-1 yafunyanwa ngo-1999. Le nkwenkwezi ipholile kakhulu ikwindawo ekude ngeminyaka engama-40 yokukhanya. Ngo-2016, kwaxelwa ukuba kukho iiplanethi ezintathu eziphumayo kwinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi yale nkwenkwezi eyathi yahlaziywa yaba zisixhenxe kamva ngo-2017. Ezintathu zeeplanethi eziphumayo zicingelwa ukuba zikwindawo enokuhlalwa kuyo ⁽¹⁾.

Ulwazi malunga nezi planethi zingaphandle kwinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi yeTRAPPIST-1 luyaqhubeka lukhula. Izifundo zangaphambili zityhile ukuba ezi planethi ziphantse zibe nkulu kwaye zinobunzima boMhlaba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi planethi zinomphezulu onamatye yiyo loo nto iiplanethi zomhlaba ezifana noMhlaba. Kwaye, ezi zikufutshane kwiindlela ezijikeleze kufutshane neenkwenkwezi. Uphando lwamva nje olubikiweyo kukuba zonke iiplanethi zinobunzima obufanayo kwaye zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo.

Besebenzisa i-telescopes esesibhakabhakeni kunye ne-telescopes ezisemhlabeni, izazinzulu zenze umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wamaxesha okuhamba (ixesha elithathwa ziiplanethi ukuhambisa inkwenkwezi elilinganiswa ngokungathanga ngqo ngokuhla kokukhanya kwenkwenkwezi xa iiplanethi ziwela phambi kwayo) nto leyo eyabenza bakwazi ukulungisa umlinganiselo wobunzima beeplanethi kunye neenkwenkwezi. Emva koku, benze uhlalutyo lwe-photodynamical baza bafumana ubuninzi benkwenkwezi kunye neeplanethi. Oku kwatyhila ukuba zonke iiplanethi ezisixhenxe zinobunzima obufanayo kunye nokwakheka okufana noMhlaba mhlawumbi ngenxa yomxholo wesinyithi omncinci kunoMhlaba ^(2,3).

Olu phuhliso lwamva nje ekuqondeni uxinano kunye nokwakheka kweeplanethi kwinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi ye-TRAPPIST-1 lubalulekile kuba lwakha isiseko solwazi lwemodeli yokuqonda iiplanethi ezifana noMhlaba ngaphandle kwenkqubo yelanga.

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Imithombo:  

1. I-NASA 2017. Iindaba - iteleskopu yeNASA ityhila ibhetshi enkulu yobungakanani boMhlaba, iiplanethi ezinokuhlalwa kuzo ezijikeleze inkwenkwezi enye. Ithunyelwe nge-21 kaFebruwari 2017. Ifumaneka kwi-intanethi https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1419/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around-single-star/ Ifikeleleke nge-25 kaJanuwari 2021.  

2. NASA 2021. Iindaba ze-JPL - EXOPLANETS -Iiplanethi ezisi-7 ze-Rocky TRAPPIST-1 zinokuthi zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo. Iposwe nge-22 kaJan, 2021. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/the-7-rocky-trappist-1-planets-may-be-made-of-similar-stuff/  

3. Agol E., Dorn C., et al 2021. Ukucokisa iTransit-timeing and Photometric Analysis of TRAPPIST-1: Mass, Radii, Densities, Dynamics, and Ephemerides. I-Planetary Science Journal, uMqulu 2, iNombolo 1. Ipapashwe ngo-2021 ngoJanuwari 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/abd022  

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