I-Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC): i-NASA ihlola iLaser  

unomathotholo frequency based nzulu isithuba unxibelelwano lujongene nemiqobo ngenxa ye-bandwidth ephantsi kunye nesidingo esikhulayo samazinga aphezulu othumelo lwedatha. I-Laser okanye i-optical based based system inamandla okuphula imiqobo yonxibelelwano. NASA ivavanye unxibelelwano lwelaser ngokuchasene nemigama egqithileyo kwaye yabonisa unxibelelwano lwe-bandwidth ephezulu kubunzulu isithuba xa yayikhanyisela eMhlabeni ividiyo enengcaciso ephezulu kakhulu ngelaser ukusuka kumgama ozizigidi ezingama-32 km, ukusuka kwisiphekepheke sePsyche esihamba nzulu ngoku. isithuba ukuya kwi-metal-rich asteroid Psyche ebekwe kwibhanti ye-asteroid phakathi mars kunye neJupiter. Lo ibingumboniso wokuqala wonxibelelwano lwamehlo ngaphaya kweNyanga. Ubunzulu isithuba Inethiwekhi (DSN) i-eriyali ifumene zombini unomathotholo frequency kunye ne-infrared laser signals.  

nzulu isithuba unxibelelwano luqhutywa ikakhulu kusetyenziswa amaza erediyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo esekelwe kumaza kanomathotholo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku nezexesha elizayo zonxibelelwano isithuba icandelo ngokujonga umda olinganiselweyo kunye nemfuno ehlala inyuka yamazinga aphezulu othumelo lwedatha.  

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-laser okanye i-optical based communication inikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ngokubhekiselele kwi-bandwidth enkulu, i-high data data data links kunye ne-SWAP ephantsi (ubukhulu, ubunzima kunye namandla) i-terminals. Inesakhono sokwandisa amanani edatha amaxesha ali-10 ukuya kwi-100 amandla eenkqubo zikanomathotholo ezinobugocigoci ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ngoko kunokophula imiqobo yonxibelelwano. Ke ngoko, kunyanzelekile ukuqhubela phambili unxibelelwano lwe-optical kubunzulu besakhono esiphezulu isithuba unxibelelwano olukwaziyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zothumelo lwedatha phakathi kweeplanethi.   

nzulu isithuba Ulingo loNxibelelwano lwe-Optical (DSOC) lubonisa itekhnoloji yomthwalo wokuhlawulwa kwisiphekepheke se-Psyche esihamba ngokunzulu. isithuba ukuya kwisinyithi esityebileyo asteroid I-Psyche ibekwe kwibhanti ye-asteroid phakathi mars kunye neJupiter. NgoDisemba ka-2023, ibonise unxibelelwano oluphezulu lwe-bandwidth nzulu isithuba xa yayikhanyisela eMhlabeni ividiyo enengcaciso ephezulu kakhulu ngelaser ukusuka kwi-32 yezigidi zeekhilomitha kwindawo enzulu. Lo ibingumboniso wokuqala wonxibelelwano lwamehlo ngaphaya kweNyanga.   

Inzulu isithuba Uthungelwano (DSN) luthungelwano lwezixhobo ezibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ukuze zinxibelelane neenqwelo-moya ezikude ezihlola inkqubo yelanga. I-eriyali yovavanyo yale nethiwekhi ifumene imiqondiso yonomathotholo kunye nelaser ekhazimliswe kwisiphekepheke sePsyche kwindawo enzulu. Oku kucebisa ukuba ii-eriyali ze-DSN ezinxibelelana ngoku neziphekepheke ngemiqondiso yerediyo zinokuphinda zifakwe kunxibelelwano lwelaser.  

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Iingxelo:  

1. UKarmous S., et al 2022. Unxibelelwano lwe-Optical lungabumba njani ikamva loNxibelelwano lweNdawo eNzulu? Uvavanyo. Ukuprintwa kwangaphambili kwe-arXiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.04933 

2. URobinson BS, ngo-2023. Unxibelelwano lwe-Optical kuPhononongo lweSithuba kunye neNzululwazi. INkomfa yoNxibelelwano lweFayibha ngo-2023. 

3. Idemo yeTekhnoloji yeNASA ihambisa ividiyo yokuqala ukusuka kwiNdawo eNzulu ngeLaser. Ithunyelwe nge-18 kuDisemba 2023. Iyafumaneka e https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/tech-demo-missions-program/deep-space-optical-communications-dsoc/nasas-tech-demo-streams-first-video-from-deep-space-via-laser/ 

4. NASA. Iindaba – I-Antenna entsha yoMfuniselo yeNASA ilanda iLaser yesiThuba esiNzulu. Iposwe nge-08 kaFebruwari 2024.Iyafumaneka apha https://www.nasa.gov/technology/space-comms/deep-space-network/nasas-new-experimental-antenna-tracks-deep-space-laser/ 

5. uNxibelelwano lwe-Deep Space Optical (DSOC) https://www.nasa.gov/mission/deep-space-optical-communications-dsoc/ 

6. Mission Psyche. https://science.nasa.gov/mission/psyche/  

7. INethiwekhi yeNdawo enzulu yeNASA (DSN) https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/dsn  

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