Uphononongo olutsha lubonisa ukuba ii-artefacts ezimbini zentsimbi (i-hemisphere engenanto kunye nesongo) kwi-Treasure yaseVillena zenziwe kusetyenziswa intsimbi ye-extra-terrestrial meteoritic. Oku kucebisa ukuba iNdyebo yaveliswa kwiXesha leBronze laLate phambi kokuba ukuveliswa kwentsimbi esemhlabeni kuqale emva kwexesha kwi-Iron Age.
I-Treasure yaseVillena, iseti ekhethekileyo yamaqhekeza angama-66 eentsimbi ezahlukeneyo, ithathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yobutyebi bangaphambili eYurophu. I-Treasure yafunyanwa ngo-1963 kufuphi nesixeko saseVillena kwiphondo lase-Alicante eSpain kwaye iboniswe kwi-Archaeological Museum yaseJosé María Soler. Iintsalela zazifihlwe kwiminyaka engama-3,000 eyadlulayo kwaye zezexesha leBronze. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho beziqwenga ezibini zentsimbi zentsimbi (ihemisphere engenanto kunye nesacholo) kwi-Treasure kukhokelele abaninzi ukuba bahlise ubalo-maxesha ukuya kwiLate Bronze Age okanye i-Early Iron age. Umfumani wokuqala naye waye waqaphela 'imbonakalo yentsimbi' yezi ziqwenga zimbini. Ngenxa yoko, imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuchongwa kwentsimbi.
Kwacetywa ukuba kuhlalutywe ezi zinto zimbini “ngenkangeleko yentsimbi” ukufumanisa ukuba zenziwe ngentsimbi yasemhlabeni. Ukuba ifunyaniswe yenziwe ngentsimbi yasemhlabeni, ngoko ke iNdyebo kufuneka ibe yeBronze yasemva kwexesha okanye i-Iron Age yokuqala. Imvelaphi yeMeteoritic, kwelinye icala iya kuthetha umhla wangaphambili ngaphakathi kweBronzi eLate.
Isinyithi seMeteorite sivela ngaphandle komhlaba kwaye sifumaneka kwiintlobo ezithile zeemeteorite eziwela eMhlabeni zivela esibhakabhakeni . Zenziwe yi-iron-nickel alloy (Fe-Ni) enokwakheka kwe-nickel okuguquguqukayo okuhlala kungaphezulu kwe-5% kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci ezifana ne-cobalt (Co). Uninzi lweemeteorite zeFe-Ni zinesakhiwo se-Widsmanstätten esinokubonakala nge-metallography yesampuli yesinyithi esitsha. Ukwakheka kwesinyithi sehlabathi esifunyenwe ekunciphiseni iiminerali ezifumaneka eMhlabeni, kwelinye icala, kwahlukile. Sine-nickel encinci okanye asinayo into enokufunyanwa ngohlalutyo. Umahluko kwisakhiwo kunye nesakhiwo se-micro ungafundwa kwilabhoratri ukuze kuchongwe ukuba nasiphi na isiqwenga sesinyithi senziwe ngesinyithi sehlabathi esingaphandle komhlaba okanye isinyithi sehlabathi.
Abaphandi bahlalutya iisampuli ezikhutshiweyo. Iziphumo zixhasa imbono yokuba amaqhekeza amabini entsimbi (oko kukuthi ikepusi kunye nesacholo) kwi-Treasure yaseVillena zenziwe ngentsimbi yemeteoritic kungoko ulandelelwano lweLate Bronze Age phambi kokuqala kokuveliswa kwentsimbi esemhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ziyafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe inqanaba lokuqiniseka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi se-meteorite kwi-Treasure yaseVillena akuyonto ingaqhelekanga. Isinyithi se-meteorite sifunyenwe kwizinto zakudala ezivela kwezinye iindawo zakudala eYurophu njengakwintloko yotolo eMörigen (eSwitzerland).
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Iingxelo:
- IBhunga lezoKhenketho. Ubuncwane baseVillena kunye noJosé María Soler Archaeological Museum. Ifumaneka e https://turismovillena.com/portfolio/treasure-of-villena-and-archaeological-museum-jose-maria-soler/?lang=en
- Rovira-Llorens, S. ., Renzi, M., & Montero Ruiz, I. (2023). Intsimbi yeMeteoritic kwiVillena Treasure ?. Trabajos De Prehistoria, 80 (2), e19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2023.12333
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 in the Treasure of Villena were made using extra-terrestrial meteoritic iron. This suggests that the Treasure was produced in the Late Bronze Age before the production of terrestrial iron started later in the Iron Age.){kind=link}