Uqhaqho-fakelo lwesibeleko lokuqala olusuka kumnikeli ongasekhoyo lukhokelela ekuzalweni ngempumelelo komntwana osempilweni.
Ukungazali sisifo sanamhlanje esichaphazela ubuncinci i-15 ekhulwini labantu abaneminyaka yokuzala . Ibhinqa linokujongana nokungazali okungapheliyo ngenxa yeemeko ezisisiseko ezifana neengxaki zokukhutshwa kwamaqanda, iityhubhu ze-fallopian ezonakeleyo, amaqanda angasebenzi kakuhle njl. Kukwakho neemeko apho ibhinqa likwazi ukuvelisa amaqanda kwi-ovary kodwa ukuba lizelwe lingenaso isibeleko (isibeleko) alikwazi ukuzala umntwana. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungazali kwesibeleko okunobangela oyintloko wokuba ziziphene zokuzalwa, ukwenzakala okanye izifo ezifana nomhlaza. La mabhinqa anokukhetha ukwamkela abantwana okanye ukusebenzisa umntu oza kuthwala umntwana wakhe ixesha lonke lokukhulelwa . Ukuba umntu unqwenela ukuzala umntwana wakhe , kuya kufuneka afakelwe isibeleko. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwezonyango ngo-2013 sadala ukhetho lokusebenzisa umntu oza kunika isibeleko 'ophilayo' ohlala engumntu osondeleyo nothandekayo ozimisele ukunikela. Emva kokuba isibeleko sifakelwe isigulane, isigulane sinokuzala umntwana. Ukusebenzisa umntu oza kunika 'ophilayo' kwakuyingxaki enkulu, ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokungabikho kwabanikeli.
Ukutshintshela isibeleko
Izazinzulu zonyango zizimisele ukufumana enye indlela yokusebenzisa abanikeli abaphilayo kwaye zacinga ngokusebenzisa isibeleko esivela kumntu oswelekileyo. Ekuzameni ukufakelwa isibeleko, ngaphambili babejongene nemizamo eli-10 engaphumelelanga njengoko kukho izinto ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo. Eyona ibalulekileyo kukugcina isibeleko siphila emva kokufa komnikeli. Oku kunzima kakhulu. Kwinkqubela phambili yesayensi ekungazali kwesibeleko, umfazi ozelwe engenasibeleko uye waba ngumntu wokuqala ukuzala umntwana ophilayo - umntwana oyintombazana osempilweni onobunzima obuziikhilogram ezi-6 - emva kokufakelwa isibeleko ngumntu oswelekileyo. Kolu phononongo izazinzulu zifake isibeleko emva kokuba unikezelo lweoksijini kwisibeleko luqhekekile phantse iiyure ezisibhozo.
Esi sigulana sabasetyhini sazalwa sine-Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, imeko apho iindawo zenkqubo yokuzala, njengesibeleko, zisilela ukuphuhla nangona amanye amalungu afana nama-ovari (avelisa amaqanda) ekhula ngokwesiqhelo kwaye nabasetyhini ngokwesiqhelo bafikelele ekufikiseni. . Umnikeli wesibeleko yayingumfazi oneminyaka engama-45 ubudala owasweleka ngenxa yokopha ebuchotsheni. Utyando lofakelo belungumceli mngeni kakhulu luthatha phantse iiyure ezili-10 kunye nesiqingatha ukwenza unxibelelwano olululo phakathi kwesibeleko somnikeli kunye nemithambo yegazi yomfazi owamkelayo, izihlunu kunye nomjelo wokuzala.
Nje ukuba uqhaqho-fakelo lugqityiwe kwaye owasetyhini waqala ukuya exesheni rhoqo, malunga neenyanga ezisixhenxe ulwelo lwesibeleko lwaba ngqindilili ngokwaneleyo ukuze kufakwe amaqanda achumileyo awayekhenkceke ngaphambili kunyango lwe-IVF ngaphambi koqhaqho lofakelo. I-IVF yayisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela amaqanda kwisigulana kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuchumisa kwilabhoratri ukuvelisa i-embryo eyathi yafakelwa kwisibeleko. Ukukhulelwa kwaqhubela phambili ngokufanelekileyo kwaye akuzange kube nzima. Isigulana sasifuna i-antibiotics yosulelo lwezintso olunokuthi lube lwenza umngcipheko ngakumbi kuba emva kofakelo, isigulana sinikwa amayeza akhusela umzimba omzimba ukuze acinezele amajoni omzimba ukuze angalahli uqhaqho-fakelo. Olu sana luzalwe kwiiveki ezingama-35 ngotyando, emva koko kwakhutshwa isibeleko emzimbeni ukuze umguli ayeke ukusebenzisa amayeza okuzikhusela kwizifo.
Olu phononongo lupapashwe kwiThe Lancet lubonelela ngobungqina obuqinileyo bokusebenzisa ilungu elivela kumntu oswelekelweyo kwaye oku kunokunceda abafazi abaninzi abanjalo. NgoDisemba ka-2018, umntwana wayeneenyanga ezisixhenxe neentsuku ezingama-20 esempilweni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngale mpumelelo kukuba inani labantu abazimisele ukunikela ngamalungu omzimba xa besweleka likhulu ngoko ke oku kunokubonelela ngabanikeli abaninzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nokufakelwa amalungu aphilayo, iindleko kunye nemingcipheko nazo ziyancitshiswa xa kubandakanya umntu oswelekelweyo.
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano
Olu phononongo lofakelo lukwadityaniswe nezinto ezininzi eziphikisanayo. Umzekelo, isigulana kufuneka sithwale umthwalo wamachiza e-immunosuppressant achaphazela amajoni omzimba kwaye enze ukuba lowo ufumanayo afumaneke ngakumbi ukosuleleka kunye nokwenzakala. Ngaloo ndlela, ibhinqa elifumana ukutshintshwa kwesibeleko lisengozini kwaye iingcali ziphikisana ukuba loo mngcipheko ufanelekile ukuthatha. Kwakhona, ngokwemali le nkqubo ibiza kakhulu njengoko ingabandakanyi nje kuphela utyando oluntsonkothileyo lofakelo olwenziwa ziingcali zonyango ezinamava kuphela kodwa neendleko ze-IVF zifuna ukubalwa nazo. Ekubeni ubudlolo bugqalwa njengesigulo esibeka ubomi esichengeni, inkcitho enkulu ngolo hlobo kunyango ixhaswa nguRhulumente okanye ziinkampani zeinshorensi ayamkelekanga ngovuyo ngabenzi bemigaqo-nkqubo abaninzi.
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Umthombo (s)
U-Ejzenberg D et al. 2018. Ukuzalwa okuphilayo emva kokufakelwa kwesibeleko kumntu oswelekileyo kummkeli ongenasibeleko. I-Lancet . 392(10165). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31766-5
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Amagqabantshintshi zivaliwe.