Izazinzulu zibonise ukuba uxinzelelo lwendalo lunokuchaphazela uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwiimpethu ezisondela ekufikiseni
Izazinzulu bezizama ukuqonda indlela iijini zethu (ukwakheka kwemfuza yethu) kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingqongileyo eziyila ngayo inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ngexesha lokukhula kwethu kwasekuqaleni xa sikhula. Olu lwazi lunokuphucula ukuqonda kwethu ngeengxaki ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo ezibangelwa ikakhulu xa imijikelezo yemithambo-luvo eqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo iqhekeka. Kwisifundo esapapashwa kwiNdalo , izazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia zifunde inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yeempethu ezincinci ezicacileyo (C. elegans) ukuze zicacise ukuqonda kwayo indlela ezimi ngayo. Zibonisa ukuba uxinzelelo olubangelwa ziimeko ezingqongileyo lunokuba nefuthe elihlala lihleli kunxibelelwano olwenzeka kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo esakhulayo. Kuvavanyo lwabo benze iimpethu ezingamadoda zilambe ngaphambi kokuba iimpethu zilambe ngokwesondo ngenjongo yokuzithintela ekukhuleni kwazo. Ukuvezwa kuxinzelelo lwangaphandle, ngakumbi indlala, kwaneentsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa ngokwesondo kwachaphazela iipatheni zocingo lwemijikelezo ebalulekileyo ye-neuronal kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yempethu ngaloo ndlela kuthintela utshintsho oluqhelekileyo ukuba lwenzeke. Inkqubo yokubuyisela iintambo kwinkqubo yazo yemithambo-luvo yaphazanyiswa ngokusisiseko. Nje ukuba la madoda ' axinezelekileyo ' afikelele ekukhuleni aze abe madala, imijikelezo engavuthwanga yayisahlala kwinkqubo yawo yemithambo-luvo nto leyo eyabangela ukuba aqhubeke nokusebenza engavuthwanga. Ukungavuthwa kwazo kwajongwa ngokubona ukuba iintshulube ezingamadoda ezindala ezixinezelekileyo zibonakalise uvakalelo oluphezulu kwikhemikhali enobuthi ebizwa ngokuba yi-SDS xa kuthelekiswa neenkunzi ezindala eziqhelekileyo. Iincukube ezixinezelekileyo zikwachitha ixesha elincinci nezinye iintshulube ze-hermaphrodite kwaye zazinengxaki yokukhwelana.
Izazinzulu zenze olu phando lubalulekileyo xa ezinye iimpethu zashiywa zingahoywanga ngengozi kangangeeveki ezithile kwaye zinganikwa kutya. Oku kukhokelele ekumisweni okuqhelekileyo kweempethu kwaye zangena kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'dauer state'. Le meko ifana nokuma okwethutyana ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo kwento ephilayo. Kwimeko yeempethu, xa iimpethu ezingavuthwanga ziva naluphi na uhlobo loxinzelelo, kuyehla okwethutyana ekukhuleni kwazo okuqhelekileyo kangangeenyanga kwaye kamva xa uxinzelelo luphelile ukukhula kwazo kuyaqala kwakhona. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwendlala ludlulile, iimpethu zabuyela kwindawo yazo eqhelekileyo kwaye zaqhubeka zikhula zibe ngabantu abadala. Emva kokuhlola inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yeempethu ezindala ngoku, kwabonwa ukuba amanye amakhonkco angavuthwanga emisileni yeempethu zesilisa ayegcinwa, nto leyo ebeya kususwa (okanye inqunyulwe) ngexesha lokuvuthwa ngokwesondo. Abaphandi baphanda ngakumbi ukuze bathi 'imeko ye-dauer' ibangelwa kuphela luxinzelelo lwendlala kwaye hayi lolunye uhlobo loxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo lukhokelele ekuphindeni imephu yemizobo yazo yentambo. Iziphumo ezichaseneyo zee-neurotransmitters ezimbini - i-serotonin kunye ne-octopamine - zilawula ukunqunyulwa kweesekethe. Iimpethu ezixinezelekileyo zazinomlinganiselo ophezulu we-octopamine eyathi yathintela ukuveliswa kwe-serotonin. Ukuba i-serotonin inikwe amadoda angakavuthwanga ngexesha loxinzelelo, ngoko ke ukuthenwa okuqhelekileyo kwenzeke kwaye abantu abadala baqala ukubonisa impendulo evuthiweyo kwi-SDS. Xa kuthelekiswa xa i-octopamine inikwe amadoda angakavuthwanga, oku kuthintele ukuthenwa kwesekethe. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lunokuba nefuthe elinokwenzeka kutshintsho kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo xa kusenzeka uphuhliso lwasekuqaleni . I-neurotransmitter serotonin inxulunyaniswa nemeko yengqondo yokudakumba ebantwini.
Ngaba oku kunokwenzeka nakubantu ngelo xesha? Ayithanga ngqo ebantwini njengoko sinenkqubo ye-nervous enkulu kakhulu kwaye intsonkothe ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, iintshulube ziyimodeli elula kodwa esebenzayo yokufunda kunye nokuhlalutya iinkqubo zemithambo-luvo. Abaphandi abakhokelayo kolu phononongo baqalise iprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba yi-ceNGEN apho baya kwenza imephu yokwakheka kofuzo kunye nomsebenzi we-neuron nganye kwi-C. elegans worm's worm's nervous system eya kunceda ukuqonda ukwenziwa kwe-nervous system ngokweenkcukacha ezithe kratya kunye nentsebenziswano enokwenzeka phakathi komntu. imizila yemfuza kunye namava omntu.
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Umthombo (s)
UBayer EA kunye noHobert O. 2018. Amava adlulileyo abumba i-sexual dimorphic neuronal wiring ngokusebenzisa i-monoaminergic signaling. Indalo . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0452-0
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