Uphononongo oluyimpumelelo lubonise indlela eya phambili yokudala amayeza/amachiza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunanamhlanje.
Amayeza anamhlanje avela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Imiphumo emibi kumayeza yingxaki enkulu. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kumayeza angaqhelekanga okanye aqhelekileyo ziyacaphukisa kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Iyeza elingenazo okanye ezimbalwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga lingasetyenziswa luninzi lwabantu kwaye liya kuphawulwa njengelikhuselekileyo kakhulu. Amayeza anemiphumo emibi kakhulu angasetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko apho kungekho enye indlela ekhoyo kwaye aya kufuna nokubekwa esweni. Okona kulungileyo, amayeza anemiphumo emibi embalwa okanye engekhoyo aya kuba luncedo kunyango lwezonyango . Yinjongo enkulu kwaye ikwangumceli mngeni kubaphandi kwihlabathi liphela ukuphuhlisa amayeza amatsha angenazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu.
Umzimba womntu sisakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esakhiwe ngeekhemikhali ekufuneka zilawulwe ukuze inkqubo yethu isebenze kakuhle. Uninzi lwamayeza luqulathe umxube weekhemikhali ezakhiwe ziimolekyuli. Iimolekyuli ezibalulekileyo zibizwa ngokuba zii-"chiral molecules" okanye ii-enantiomers. Iimolekyuli zeChiral zifana kwaye ziqulathe inani elifanayo leeathom. Kodwa ngokweteknoloji "ziimifanekiso zesipili" zomnye komnye, oko kukuthi, isiqingatha sazo sisesandleni sasekhohlo kwaye esinye isiqingatha sisesandleni sasekunene. Lo mahluko "kwisandla" sazo ukhokelela ekubeni zivelise iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji. Lo mahluko ufundwe kakuhle kwaye kuye kwachazwa ukuba iimolekyuli zeChiral ezichanekileyo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiyeza /iyeza ukuze zenze impembelelo echanekileyo, kungenjalo iimolekyuli zeChiral "ezingalunganga" zinokuvelisa iziphumo ezingafunekiyo. Ukwahlulwa kweemolekyuli zeChiral linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwamayeza . Le nkqubo ukuba ayilula, ibiza kakhulu kwaye ngokubanzi ifuna indlela eyenzelwe wena kuhlobo ngalunye lwemolekyuli. Inkqubo yokwahlula elula nengabizi kakhulu ayikaphuhliswa kude kube ngoku. Ke ngoko, sisekude kakhulu nexesha apho onke amayeza akwishelufu kwikhemesti angayi kuba nemiphumo emibi.
Ukujonga ukuba kutheni amayeza eneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
Kwisifundo sakutshanje esipapashwe kwiSayensi , abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseJerusalem yaseHebrew kunye neWeizmann Institute of Science bafumanise indlela efanayo engangqalanga apho ukwahlulwa kweemolekyuli ze-chiral zasekhohlo nasekunene kwikhompawundi yeekhemikhali kunokufezekiswa ngokulula ngendlela engabizi kakhulu . 1. Umsebenzi wabo uvakala uluncedo kakhulu kwaye ulula. Indlela abayiphuhlisileyo isekelwe kwiimagnethi. Iimolekyuli ze-chiral zidibana ne-substrate yemagnethi kwaye zihlangana ngokwendlela "yokusebenza kwazo" oko kukuthi iimolekyuli "zasekhohlo" zidibana ne-pole ethile yemagnethi, ngelixa iimolekyuli "zasekunene" zidibana ne-pole enye. Le teknoloji ivakala inengqondo kwaye ingasetyenziswa ngabavelisi beekhemikhali kunye namayeza ukugcina iimolekyuli ezilungileyo (nokuba zekhohlo okanye zasekunene) kwiyeza kunye nokususa ezimbi ezibangela iziphumo eziyingozi okanye ezingafunekiyo.
Ukuphucula amayeza kunye nokunye
Olu phononongo luza kudlala indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni amayeza angcono nakhuselekileyo kusetyenziswa indlela elula nengabizi kakhulu yokwahlula. Amanye amayeza adumileyo namhlanje athengiswa kwiindlela zawo ezicocekileyo ze-chirally (oko kukuthi, uhlobo olwahlulweyo) kodwa olu lwazi lumi malunga ne-13% kuphela yazo zonke iziyobisi ezikhoyo kwimarike. Ke ngoko, ukwahlulwahlulwa kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ziingcali zolawulo lwamayeza. Izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo kufuneka zifezekiswe ziinkampani zamayeza ukuze zifake oku kwaye zenze amayeza akhuselekileyo nathembekileyo. Olu phononongo lungasebenza nakwizithako zokutya, izongezo zokutya njl.njl. kwaye lunokuphakamisa umgangatho weemveliso zokutya kwaye luncede ukuphucula ubomi. Olu phononongo lukwabaluleke kakhulu kwiikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo - izibulali-zinambuzane kunye nesichumiso - kuba iikhemikhali zezolimo ezahlulwe ze-chirally ziya kubangela ungcoliseko oluncinci kwindalo kwaye ziya kuncedisa kwisivuno esiphezulu.
Uphononongo lwesibini olwenziwe ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yase-Australia lubonise indlela ukuqonda iinkcukacha zeemolekyuli malunga nendlela amayeza okanye amayeza asebenza ngayo kunokusinceda ngayo ukufumana indlela yokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kuzo 2. Okokuqala ngqa uphando olwenziwe kumanqanaba eemolekyuli luye lwenziwa ukukhangela ukufana phakathi kwamayeza amathandathu amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iintlungu, i-anesthetic yamazinyo kunye nonyango lwesifo sokuwa. Abaphandi baqhube iimodeli zekhompyutha ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo besebenzisa ii-supercomputers ukuze babonise umfanekiso wendlela la mayeza aziphatha ngayo. Babonise izikhokelo malunga neenkcukacha zeemolekyuli malunga nendlela la mayeza anokuchaphazela ngayo inxalenye ethile yomzimba kwaye ngokungalindelekanga angabangela isiphumo ebesingafunekiyo kwenye inxalenye yomzimba. Ukuqonda okunjalo kwinqanaba leemolekyuli kunokukhokela kuzo zonke izifundo zokufunyanwa kwamayeza kunye noyilo.
Ngaba olu phononongo luthetha ukuba kuya kubakho usuku kwakamsinyane apho amayeza angayi kuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nokuba zimbi okanye zimandundu? Umzimba wethu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye iindlela ezininzi emzimbeni wethu zinxibelelene omnye komnye. Olu phononongo lukhokelele kwithemba elithembisayo lamayeza okanye amachiza ayakuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kakhulu nezingephi kwaye aqondwa kakuhle.
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Umthombo (s)
1. Banerjee-Ghosh K et al 2018. Ukwahlulwa kwe-enantiomers ngokusebenzisana kwazo ne-enantiospecific kunye ne-achiral magnetic substrates. Science . eaar4265. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4265
2. Buyan A et al. 2018. Imeko ye-protonation yezithinteli imisela iindawo zokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kweziteshi zesodium ezivalwe ngombane. Iingxelo ze-National Academy of Sciences . 115(14). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714131115
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