Uphononongo olutsha lubonisa indlela entsha yokujongana nokwaliwa kokutya kwiimpuku ngokukhohlisa amajoni omzimba ukuba athintele ukunika impendulo ekwaliwayo.
An ukungahambi kuxa amajoni ethu omzimba esabela kwinto yangaphandle-ebizwa ngokuba yi-allergen - ngokuyiphatha njengomhlaseli kunye nokwenza imichiza yokukhusela. umzimba ukusuka kuyo. Ukusabela komzimba apha kubizwa ngokuba kukwaliwa. I-allergen inokuba yinto yokutya, into esiyiphefumlelayo, sitofe emzimbeni wethu okanye sinxibelelane nje ngokuchukumisa. Ukwalana kukusabela okwenzekayo kwaye isenokuba kukukhohlela, ukuthimla, amehlo arhawuzelelayo, impumlo evuzayo kunye nomqala orhawuzelayo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ukwaliwa kunokubangela irhashalala, ukurhawuzelela, uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi, ingxaki yokuphefumla, ukuhlaselwa sisifuba kunye nokufa. Ukwalana okunjalo izifo zichaphazela ubomi babantu abangaphezu kwebhiliyoni enye kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ukuxhaphaka kokwaliwa kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele kwiibhiliyoni ezine nge-2050. Ukwaliwa akuchaphazeli abantu ngabanye kuphela kodwa kunempembelelo enkulu yentlalo-qoqosho ngenxa yokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemveliso. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho nyango lukhoyo lwe-allergies kwaye inokulawulwa kuphela ngothintelo kunye nonyango lweempawu. Ehlabathini lonke, sisifo esiqhelekileyo kodwa asihoywa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-allergies ezifana ukutya ukwaliwa, i-sinusitis (i-aleji kwi-sinuses), ichiza, isinambuzane, i-allergies ngokubanzi zonke zibandakanya iindleko ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo kuqoqosho ngelixa zichaphazela kakhulu ubomi babagulayo. Kuba akukho nyango luthe ngqo lufumanekayo, iimpembelelo ze-allergies ziba nkulu kwaye kukho imfuneko yokuqonda ngokupheleleyo iindlela zokugula, uthintelo kunye nokhathalelo lwesigulana ukujongana nezinto ezikwaliwayo.
ukutya ukungahambi Yimeko yezonyango apho ukuvezwa kwinto ethile yokutya kubangela ukusabela okuyingozi komzimba (okanye ukuchasana nomzimba) emzimbeni kuba amajoni omzimba ahlasela iiproteni (izinto ezingevani kwezi ntlobo zokwaliwa) ekutyeni okungekho bungozi kwaye ayisiyiyo. utshaba. Iimpawu zokwaliwa kokutya zinokususela kwindawo ethambileyo (umlomo orhawuzelayo, imidumba embalwa) ukuya kuthi ga ngoku (ukuqina komqala, ukuphefumla nzima).Kwakhona, i-anaphylaxis sisenzo esiyingozi sokwaliwa esisenzeka ngesiquphe kwaye sinokubangela ukufa. Ukutya okuli-170, uninzi lwayo olungenabungozi, kuye kwaxelwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuba kubangele ukungezwani komzimba kunye nezinto eziphambili zokutya ezilubisi, iqanda, i-peanut, ingqolowa, i-soya kunye ne-shellfish. Ukwaliwa kokutya lolona didi lutshabalalisayo lwe-allergies lufuna ixesha elininzi lokulawula kunye noqwalaselo oluthe gqolo kwizigulana ngakumbi kubantwana ekubonwa ukuba kuxhaphake kakhulu ukwaliwa kokutya. Ekuphela kwendlela yokulawula ukwaliwa kokutya kukuqala ujonge kwaye uphephe ukutya ukutya okudala iingxaki kwaye okwesibini, ngokufunda ukuqaphela kunye nokunyanga iimpawu ze-aleji. ezichaphazela umgangatho wobomi babo. Uninzi lweempawu ezinxulumene nokutya zenzeka kwiiyure ezimbini zokungenisa; zihlala ziqala kwimizuzu kwaye ke kufuneka zilawulwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Oku kukhokelela kwiinguqu ezininzi ezifana nokucwangciswa kokutya okucwangcisiweyo, umsebenzi wentlalo, imiba yokuxhalaba njl. Uphando oluninzi olwenzekayo ukusombulula imeko yokwaliwa kokutya kwaye mhlawumbi lude lubathintele; nangona kunjalo, uninzi lonyango lokwaliwa kokutya luphantsi kophononongo kulingo lwezonyango kwaye akukho nalunye luye lwangqinwa ukuba lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Uphononongo olutsha lwakutsha nje luveze indlela entsha yokunyanga ukwaliwa kokutya “ngokufundisa amajoni ethu omzimba iqhinga elitsha”. Kolu phononongo lupapashwe kwi Ijenali yokuNgena komzimba kunye noNyango lweZifo, abaphandi basebenzise iimpuku ezifuywayo ukuze zibe nokukwaliswa kokutya okuvela kwi-peanut, kwaye "bahlengahlengisa" amajoni omzimba weempuku kangangokuba umzimba ungabonakali ukusabela okusongela ubomi ekuvezweni kwe-peanut. Amandongomane aphakathi kweyona allergen yokutya ixhaphakileyo kwaye ukuba idliwe, inokubangela impendulo esongela ubomi bomzimba. Kuba amandongomane exhaphakile, abantu kufuneka balumke kakhulu ekukhetheni kwabo ukutya kwemihla ngemihla. Ababhali abavela kwiSikolo sezoNyango saseDuke-NUS eSingapore, bathi uphononongo lwabo yindlela eyodwa yokunyanga ukwaliwa kokutya kwamandongomane. Phambi kolu phononongo, ezinye iindlela ezinjengokwenza umvandedwa-oko kukuthi ukunyanga ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngokuthe ngcembe ukuphelisa umvandedwa kubantu abangadibaniyo ne-peanut-ziye zaqhutywa ezibhalwe njengezitya ixesha kwaye zikwanobungozi. Ukusebenza kwazo ixesha elide nako kuyathandabuzeka kwaye unyango olulolo hlobo lusavunywa ngokusemthethweni ukuba lube nonyango.
Ukwalana nomzimba kubangelwa kukungalingani kwemiyalezo ebalulekileyo phakathi kweeseli (ezibizwa ngokuba ziicytokines). Ababhali bagxininise kwi-Th2-uhlobo lwe-cytokine impendulo yomzimba. Kulo mxholo kwakuqondwa ukuba nanini na ukuphendula okungalindelekanga (okanye okufanelekileyo) kwe-immune kwenzeka, iiseli ze-Th2 zasebenza kunye nezinye iiseli ze-Th1. Kwelinye icala, xa impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba engalindelekanga yenzeka oko kukuthi, ukuchasana nomzimba kwenzeka, iseli ye-Th2 yaveliswa ngokugqithisileyo ngelixa iiseli ze-Th1 zazingasekho ngokupheleleyo. Ke, kwacaca ukuba kulapha ukuba ukungalingani kwakusenzeka ngexesha lokuchasana nepeanut. Ngokusekelwe kolu qwalaselo baphandi ufumene indlela elula ekubuyiseleni ibhalansi ngokuhambisa iiseli zodidi lwe-Th1 phambi kokuba umntu adibane ne-allergen. Ingcinga yayingekokuba nokungalingani okwenzekayo, kungoko kuthintelwa ukusabela okwaliwayo. Kwiigundane ze-peanut-allergies, abaphandi bahambisa i-nanoparticles (eyayithwala iiseli ze-Th1) esikhumbeni ukuya kwii-lymph nodes (eyindawo apho iiseli zokuzivikela ziveliswa). Ezi nanoparticles zihamba emzimbeni, zazisa imithwalo yazo -iiseli zohlobo lwe-Th1- kwindawo yemvelaphi yempendulo ye-immune kwaye yagqiba umsebenzi ofunekayo owabelwe yona. Izilwanyana ezifumene olu “nyango” lwemanyuwali azizange zibonise impendulo ebukhali xa zithe zavezwa ngamandongomane. Okubangela umdla kukuba, oku kunyamezelana okutsha kwabonwa kuhleli ixesha elide, kusebenzayo kwaye idosi enye kuphela yayanele nakuphi na ukuvezwa okulandelayo kwi-allergen. Ke ngoko, le meko kuthiwa “yimfundo kwakhona” (igama elingcono “lokuqhatha”) kwisixokelelwano sokhuselo lomzimba, siyixelela ukuba impendulo yokwaliwa ayisiyiyo ifanelekileyo kwaye akufanelekanga ukuba yenziwe.
Ezi zifundo ziqhutywa kwiimpuku, nangona kunjalo izifundo zabantu ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zigqitywe ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isicelo esibanzi. Iza nemiceli mngeni emininzi, umzekelo ababhali ngokwabo abakwazanga ukusebenzisa le ndlela yonyango lwe-asthma njengoko idosi enkulu yeeseli yayifuneka emiphungeni kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba ayisebenzi. Le ndlela inokusetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo kwezinye izinto ezidityaniswe nokutya ezifana nobisi okanye iqanda ngokomzekelo kunye nakwezinye izinto ezifana nezibangela ukuba kuvele uthuli kunye nomungu. Olu phononongo luphakamisa ithemba lokuthintela ukungezwani komzimba kwi-peanut kunye nezinye izifo ngokungenelela kwindlela eqhelekileyo elandelwa lukhuselo lomzimba. Oku kunokuba luncedo ekulweni nokwaliwa kokutya okubonakala kuthwaxa abantu abadala kunye nabantwana ngaphandle kothintelo olusebenzayo okanye isicwangciso sonyango esibonakalayo.
***
{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
St. John AL et al 2018. Reprograming Immunity to Food Allergen. Ijenali ye-Allergy kunye ne-Clinical Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.020
