NgoFebruwari 2024, amazwe amahlanu kwi-WHO aseYurophu ummandla (i-Austria, i-Denmark, iJamani, iSweden kunye ne-Netherlands) yabika ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwi-psittacosis kwi-2023 kwaye ekuqaleni kwe-2024, iphawulwe ngokukodwa ukususela ngoNovemba-Disemba 2023. Kwakhona kwabikwa ukufa kwabahlanu. Ukuba sesichengeni kwiintaka zasendle kunye/okanye zasekhaya kuye kwaxelwa kuninzi lwamatyala.
Psittacosis yi usulelo lokuphefumla ibangelwa yiChlamydophila psittaci (C. psittaci), ibhaktiriya ehlala yosulela iintaka. Usulelo lwabantu lwenzeka ikakhulu ngokudibana nencindi eziphuma kwiintaka ezosulelekileyo kwaye ikakhulu zinxulunyaniswa nabo basebenza neentaka ezifuywayo, abasebenzi beenkukhu, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abanini beentaka ezifuywayo, kunye nabalimi begadi kwindawo apho i-C. psittaci i-epizootic kwinani leentaka zomthonyama. Ukosulela kwezifo ebantwini kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokuphefumla amasuntswana aphuma emoyeni aphuma kwincindi yokuphefumla, ilindle elomileyo, okanye uthuli oluneentsiba. Ukudibana ngqo neentaka akufuneki ukuze usulelo lwenzeke.
Ngokubanzi, i-psittacosis sisifo esingephi, esineempawu eziquka umkhuhlane kunye nengqele, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuqaqamba kwezihlunu kunye nokhohlokhohlo olomileyo. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zidla ngokukhula phakathi kweentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-14 emva kokuba sesichengeni sebhaktheriya.
Unyango olukhawulezileyo lwe-antibiotics lusebenza kwaye luvumela ukuphepha iingxaki ezifana nenyumoniya. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo lwe-antibiotic, i-psittacosis inqabile (ngaphantsi kwe-1 kwiimeko ze-100) ibangela ukufa.
I-psittacosis yabantu sisifo esibonakalayo kumazwe achaphazelekayo kwi iYurophu. Uphando lwe-epidemiological luye lwaphunyezwa ukuchonga ukuvezwa okunokubakho kunye neqela lamatyala. Iinkqubo zesizwe zokucupha le meko, kuqukwa uhlalutyo lwaselabhorethri lweesampulu ezisuka kwiintaka zasendle ezingeniswe kuvavanyo lomkhuhlane weentaka ukuqinisekisa ukuxhaphaka kwe-C. psittaci phakathi kweentaka zasendle.
Ngokubanzi, amazwe amahlanu kwi-WHO aseYurophu ummandla wabika ukwanda okungaqhelekanga nokungalindelekanga kwiingxelo zamatyala C. psittaci. Ezinye zeemeko ezixeliweyo ziye zaba nenyumoniya kwaye zakhokelela esibhedlele, kwaye iimeko ezibulalayo nazo zaxelwa.
ISweden ibike ukwanda ngokubanzi kweemeko ze-psittacosis ukususela ngo-2017, ezinokudityaniswa nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweepaneli ze-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ukunyuka kwamatyala e-psittacosis axeliweyo kuwo onke amazwe kufuna uphando olongezelelweyo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukwenyuka kwamatyala okwenyaniso okanye ukunyuka ngenxa yovavanyo olubukhali okanye ubuchule bokuxilonga.
Okwangoku, akukho nto ibonisa ukuba esi sifo sisasazwa ngabantu kwilizwe okanye kumazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abasasazi iibhaktheriya ezibangela i-psittacosis kwabanye abantu, ngoko kukho amathuba aphantsi okudluliselwa kwesi sifo emntwini ukuya emntwini.
Ukuba ifunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo, le pathogen iyanyangeka ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
I-WHO icebisa la manyathelo alandelayo okuthintela kunye nolawulo lwe-psittacosis:
- ukwandisa ulwazi lweekliniki zokuvavanya iimeko ezikrokrelekayo ze-C. psittaci zokuxilongwa usebenzisa i-RT-PCR.
- ukwandisa ulwazi phakathi kwabanini beentaka ezivalelweyo okanye ezifuywayo, ingakumbi i-psittacines, ukuba i-pathogen inokuthwalwa ngaphandle kokugula okubonakalayo.
- ukuvalela iintaka ezisanda kufunyanwa. Ukuba kukho intaka egulayo, dibana nogqirha wezilwanyana ukuze axilongwe kwaye anyangwe.
- ukwenza uhlolo lwe C. psittaci kwiintaka zasendle, okunokwenzeka ukuquka imizekelo ekhoyo eqokelelwe ngenxa yezinye izizathu.
- ukukhuthaza abantu abaneentaka ezifuywayo ukuba bagcine iindlwana zicocekile, beka iindlwana ukuze ilindle linganwenwi phakathi kwazo kwaye uphephe ukugcwala ngokugqithisileyo.
- ukukhuthaza ucoceko olulungileyo, kuquka nokuhlamba izandla rhoqo, xa uphethe iintaka, ilindle lazo, kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo.
- iindlela ezisemgangathweni zolawulo losulelo kunye namanyathelo othintelo losulelo lwe-droplet kufuneka ziphunyezwe kwizigulana ezisesibhedlele.
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Imbekiselo:
UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (nge-5 Matshi 2024). Iindaba zokuqhambuka kwezifo; Psittacosis - aseYurophu ummandla. Ifumaneka e: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON509
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