Iintsholongwane ezimbini ze-henipavirus, uHendra intsholongwane (HeV) kunye neNipah intsholongwane (NiV) sele yaziwa ngokubangela izifo ezibulalayo ebantwini. Ngoku, inoveli ye-henipavirus ichongiwe kwizigulana ezinomkhuhlane eMpuma China. Olu luhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe-phylogenetically lwe-henipavirus kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yiLangya henipavirus (LayV). Izigulana zinembali yamva nje yokuvezwa kwizilwanyana, yiyo loo nto icebisa ukuba isilwanyana sidluliselwe ebantwini. Oku kubonakala ngathi yinto entsha intsholongwane oko kuneempembelelo ezinamandla kwimpilo yabantu.
Hendra intsholongwane (HeV) kunye neNipah intsholongwane (NiV), eyinxalenye yohlobo lweHenipavirus kwi intsholongwane Usapho lweParamyxoviridae luvele kutsha nje. Zombini zinoxanduva lwezifo ezibulalayo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana. I-genome yabo iqulethe i-RNA enemisonto enye ejikelezwe yimvulophu yelipid.
Hendra intsholongwane (I-HeV) yaqala ukuchongwa ngo-1994-95 ngokuqhambuka kwi-suburb yase-Hendra e-Brisbane, e-Australia xa amahashe amaninzi kunye nabaqeqeshi bawo basuleleka kwaye babulawa sisifo semiphunga ngeemeko zokuphuma kwegazi. Intsholongwane ye-Nipa (NiV) yaqala ukuchongwa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ngo-1998 eNipah, eMalaysia emva kokuqhambuka kwendawo. Ukusukela ngoko, kuye kwakho iimeko ezininzi ze-NIV kwihlabathi liphela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngakumbi eMalaysia, Bangladesh, naseIndiya. Oku kuqhambuka kwakuqhele ukunxulunyaniswa nokufa okuphezulu phakathi kwabantu kunye nemfuyo.
Isiqhamo izilwanyana (Pteropus), ekwabizwa ngokuba yimpungutye ephaphazelayo, ngamadama endalo ezilwanyana kuzo zombini iHendra intsholongwane (HeV) kunye neNipah intsholongwane (NiV). Usulelo lwenzeka kumalulwane ngamathe, umchamo, kunye nelindle ukuya ebantwini. Iihagu ngumamkeli ophakathi we-Nipah ngelixa amahashe engomkhosi ophakathi we-HeV kunye ne-NiV.
Ebantwini, usulelo lwe-HeV lubonisa iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane phambi kokuba uqhubele phambili kwi-encephalitis ebulalayo ngelixa usulelo lwe-NiV luhlala lubonakala njengokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kunye ne-encephalitis ebukhali kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, isigulo sokuphefumla. Usulelo olusuka kumntu ukuya emntwini lwenzeka kwibakala lamva lokosuleleka1.
Iintsholongwane zeHenipa ziyingozi kakhulu. Ezi zi-zoonotic ezivela ngokukhawuleza iintsholongwane. NgoJuni ka-2022, abaphandi baxela ukubonakaliswa kwenye i-henipavirus ebizwa ngokuba yi-Angavokely intsholongwane (AngV)2. Oku kwachongwa kwiisampulu zomchamo osuka endle, amalulwane eziqhamo zaseMadagascar. I-genome yayo ibonisa zonke iimpawu ezinkulu ezinxulumene ne-pathogenicity kwezinye i-henipaviruses. Nako oku kunokuba yingxaki ukuba kuchitheka ebantwini, ngenxa yokuba amalulwane atyiwa njengokutya eMadagascar.
Nge-04 Agasti 2022, abaphandi3 Ukuchongwa okuxeliweyo (uphawu kunye nokwahlukaniswa) yenye inoveli ye-henipavirus kwiswab yomqala yezigulane ezinomkhuhlane ngexesha lokucupha umlindi. Olu hlobo baluthiye ngokuthi yiLangya henipavirus (LayV). Inxulumene ne-phylogenetically kwi-Mojiang i-anipavirus. Bachonge abaguli abangama-35 abanosulelo lweLayV kwiphondo laseShandong naseHenan iTshayina. Azikho ezinye iipathogens ezazikho kwi-26 yezi zigulane. Zonke izigulana ezineLayV zazinomkhuhlane kunye nezinye iimpawu. Iishrews zikhangeleka ngathi nguvimba wendalo weLayV, njengoko uphononongo lwezilwanyana ezincinci lubonise ubukho beLayV RNA kuma-27% eeshrew, i-2 % yeebhokhwe kunye ne-5% yezinja.
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba usulelo lwe-LayV lwalungunobangela womkhuhlane kunye neempawu ezinxulumeneyo phakathi kwezigulana ezifundisiweyo kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci zasekhaya yayingoyena mkhosi uphakathi we-LayV. intsholongwane.
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Iingxelo:
- Kummer S, Kranz DC (2022) I-Henipaviruses-Ingozi eqhubekayo kwimfuyo nakubantu. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16(2): e0010157. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010157
- Madera S., okqhubekayo 2022. Ukufunyanwa kunye neGenomic Characterization yeNovel Henipavirus, i-Angavokely virus, evela kumalulwane eziqhamo eMadagascar. Iposwe nge-24 kaJuni, 2022. Shicilela kwangaphambili i-bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.12.495793
- Zhang, Xiao-Ai okqhubekayo 2022. I-Zoonotic Henipavirus kwizigulane ezine-Febrile e-China. Agasti 4, 2022. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:470-472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2202705
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