Uphononongo oluyimpumelelo lubonise indlela eya phambili yokudala amayeza/amachiza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunanamhlanje.
Amachiza kumaxesha anamhlanje ivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Imiphumela emayezeni yingxaki enkulu. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingafunekiyo kumayeza anqabileyo okanye axhaphakileyo ziyacaphukisa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokumandundu kakhulu. Iyeza elingenazo okanye elingenazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa linokusetyenziswa luninzi lwabantu kwaye liya kuphawulwa likhuseleke kakhulu. Amayeza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu anokusetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko apho kungekho yenye indlela ekhoyo kwaye anokufuna ukuba kubekwe iliso. Ngokufanelekileyo, amayeza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa okanye ezingenazo zingafunwayo aya kuba yinzuzo kuwo zonyango unyango. Yinjongo enkulu kwaye ikwangumceli mngeni baphandi kwihlabathi jikelele ukwenza amayeza amatsha angenazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu.
Umzimba womntu sisakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esakhiwe kwiikhemikhali ezifuna ukulawulwa ukuze kusebenze kakuhle inkqubo yethu. Uninzi lwamayeza lubandakanya umxube wemichiza eyenziwe ziimolekyuli. Iimolekyuli ezibalulekileyo zibizwa ngokuba yi "chiral molecules" okanye i-enantiomers. Iimolekyuli zeChiral zibukeka zifana enye kwenye kwaye zinenani elifanayo leathom. Kodwa ngokobuchwephesha "yimifanekiso yesipili" enye kwenye, okt isiqingatha sayo sisekhohlo kwaye esinye sesasekunene. Lo mahluko "kwisandla" sabo ubakhokelela ekubeni bavelise iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji. Lo mahluko ufundwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye kwachazwa ukuba iimolekyuli ezichanekileyo ze-chiral zibaluleke kakhulu iyeza/iyeza ukwenza impembelelo echanekileyo, ngaphandle koko "engalunganga" iimolekyuli ze-chiral zinokuvelisa iziphumo ezingafunekiyo. Ukwahlula iimolekyuli zechiral linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu iziyobisi ukhuseleko. Le nkqubo ukuba ayilulanga, ibiza kakhulu kwaye ifuna ngokubanzi indlela elungelelanisiweyo yohlobo ngalunye lwemolekyuli. Inkqubo yokwahlukana eneendleko ezilula ayikenziwa kude kube ngoku. Ngoko ke, sisekude kwixesha apho onke amayeza kwi-shelf kwi-pharmacy aya kuba nemiphumo emibi.
Ukujonga ukuba kutheni amayeza eneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje olupapashwe kwi inzululwazi, abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yesiHebhere yaseYerusalem kunye ne-Weizmann Institute of Science baye bafumanisa indlela efanayo engabonakaliyo apho ukwahlula i-molekyuli ye-chiral ekhohlo kunye neyokunene kwikhompawundi yemichiza inokufezekiswa ngokulula ngendlela engabizi kakhulu.1. Umsebenzi wabo uvakala unepragmatic kakhulu kwaye ulula. Indlela abathe baphuhlisa ngayo isekwe kwimagnethi. Iimolekyuli ze-Chiral zisebenzisana ne-substrate magnetic kwaye zidibana ngokwendlela "yesandla" sazo okt iimolekyuli "zasekhohlo" zisebenzisana nepali ethile yemagnethi, ngelixa iimolekyuli "zasekunene" zidibana nenye ipali. Olu buchwepheshe luvakala lunengqiqo kwaye lunokusetyenziswa ngabavelisi beekhemikhali kunye namayeza ukugcina iimolekyuli ezilungileyo (nokuba zikhohlo okanye zilungile) kwiyeza kwaye zisuse ezimbi ezijongene nokubangela imiphumo emibi okanye engathandekiyo.
Ukuphucula amayeza kunye nokunye
Olu phononongo luya kudlala indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni amachiza angcono nakhuselekileyo kusetyenziswa indlela yokwahlula elula nengabizi kakhulu. Amanye amachiza adumileyo namhlanje athengiswa ngohlobo lwawo lwe-chirally-pure (okt ifomu eyahluliweyo) kodwa olu balo lumi malunga ne-13% kuphela yawo onke amachiza akhoyo emarikeni. Ngoko ke, ukwahlukana kukhuthazwa kakhulu ngabasemagunyeni bolawulo lweziyobisi. Izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo kufuneka zihlangatyezwe ziinkampani ezixuba amayeza ukubandakanya oku kwaye zenze amayeza akhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye athembekileyo. Olu phononongo lunokusebenza nakwizithako zokutya, izongezo zokutya njl njl kwaye lunokuphakamisa umgangatho weemveliso zokutya kwaye luncede ukuphucula ubomi. Olu phononongo lukwabaluleke kakhulu kwiikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo - izitshabalalisi kunye nesichumiso - kuba iikhemikhali ezahlulwe ngokwe-chirally ziya kubangela ukungcoliseka okuncinci indawo kwaye iya kuba negalelo kwizivuno eziphezulu.
Uphononongo lwesibini olwenziwe ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseOstreliya lubonise indlela ukuqonda iinkcukacha zemolekyuli malunga nendlela ichiza okanye iyeza elisebenza ngayo kunokusinceda sifumane indlela yokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingafunekiyo kuzo.2. Okokuqala uphononongo kumanqanaba eemolekyuli luye lwaqhutywa ukujonga ukufana kuwo wonke amachiza amathandathu asetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa iintlungu, ukuthomalalisa iintlungu kugqirha wamazinyo kunye nakunyango lwesifo sokuxhuzula. Abaphandi baqhuba ukulinganisa okukhulu kunye nobunzima bekhompyuter besebenzisa Iikhomputha ukwenza imephu yomfanekiso wendlela la machiza ebeziphatha ngayo. Benza imephu malunga neenkcukacha zemolekyuli malunga nendlela la mayeza anokuthi alichaphazele ngayo elinye ilungu lomzimba kwaye anokuthi ngokungalindelekanga abangele isiphumo esingafunekiyo kwelinye ilungu lomzimba. Olo lwazi lwenqanaba lemolekyuli lunokukhokela kuko konke ukufunyanwa kweziyobisi kunye noyilo lwezifundo.
Ngaba olu phononongo luthetha ukuba kuya kubakho usuku kwakamsinyane apho amayeza angayi kuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nokuba zimbi okanye zimandundu? Umzimba wethu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye iindlela ezininzi emzimbeni wethu zinxibelelene omnye komnye. Olu phononongo lukhokelele kwithemba elithembisayo lamayeza okanye amachiza ayakuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kakhulu nezingephi kwaye aqondwa kakuhle.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
1. I-Banerjee-Ghosh K et al 2018. Ukwahlula i-enantiomers ngokusebenzisana kwabo kwe-enantiospecific kunye ne-achiral magnetic substrates. inzululwazi. indlebe4265. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4265
2. Buyan A et al. 2018. I-protonation state ye-inhibitors inquma iindawo zokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kweziteshi ze-sodium ze-voltage-gated. Iinkqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences. 115(14). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714131115
