Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukusela utywala ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokuzikhwebula ngokupheleleyo kunegalelo kumngcipheko womntu wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kamva ebomini.
Dementia liqela lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuchaphazela imisebenzi yengqondo yomntu efana nokukhumbula, ukusebenza, ukugxila, amandla okunxibelelana, ukuqonda kunye nokuqiqa. Isifo sika-Alzheimer lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwesifo sengqondo esiyingozi esidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Yimeko eqhubekayo eya iba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye neminyaka echaphazela inkumbulo, iingcinga kunye nolwimi kwaye ngelishwa okwangoku akukho nyango Isifo se-Alzheimer. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imiba esemngciphekweni yesifo sengqondo esiyingozi, oko kukuthi, yintoni eyenza ukuba umntu abonakalise ukuphambana kwengqondo njengokuba ekhula. Umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-Alzheimer's kucingelwa ukuba uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezibandakanya imeko yentliziyo, iswekile, i-stroke, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
Kuphononongo olucokisekileyo olupapashwe kwi IBritish Medical Journal, abaphandi abavela eFransi nase-UK balandele ngaphezu kwe-9000 yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni baseBritane kwisithuba esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-23 yaqala ngo-1983. Abaphandi barekhoda iirekhodi zesibhedlele, iirejista zokufa kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ukuvavanya umthathi-nxaxheba. ngqondweni ubume. Ngokuhamba noku, baye babhala itotali yomthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye alcohol ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha eveki kusetyenziswa imibuzo eyilwe ngokukodwa. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala “okulinganiselweyo” kwakuchazwa “njengeeyunithi” ezili-1 zotywala ngeveki. Iyunithi enye yayilingana ne-14 mililitha. Olu luphononongo lokuqala nolulodwa lokuqhuba ulingo olulawulwa ngokungahleliwe - oluthathwa njengomgangatho wegolide kumayeza - ixesha elongeziweyo lokuhlalutya ulungelelwaniso phakathi kotywala kunye nomngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esiyingozi.
Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abo bathathi-nxaxheba basela iiyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-14 zotywala ngeveki, umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo landa njengoko inani leeyunithi zotywala ezisetyenzisiweyo lisanda. Ukonyuka ngalunye kweeyunithi ezisixhenxe ngeveki ekusetyenzisweni kwakunxulunyaniswa ne-17 yepesenti yokwanda kwengozi ye-dementia. Kwaye ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwandiswe ngakumbi okukhokelela esibhedlele, umngcipheko we-dementia udubule ukuya kuma-400 ekhulwini. Okothusayo umbhali kukuba, ukungasela utywala kwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ongakumbi wama-50 ekhulwini wokukhula ngqondweni xa kuthelekiswa nabasela utywala obuphakathi. Ke, bobabini abasela kakhulu kunye nabangazityiyo babonise umngcipheko owongeziweyo nasemva kokumisela ulawulo lobudala, isini kunye neemeko zentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Esi siphumo kwakhona sigxininisa kwigophe elithi "J-shaped" elibonisa ukuhambelana phakathi kotywala kunye ngqondweni umngcipheko kunye nabaselayo abaphakathi abanomngcipheko ophantsi. Ukusela utywala ngokulinganayo kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nezinye iziphumo ezingcono zempilo kubandakanya ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo, umhlaza wamabele njl.
Esi siphumo ngokuqinisekileyo besingalindelekanga kwaye sinomdla kakhulu kodwa zithini iimpembelelo zaso. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala okuphezulu ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwehliswa ngumntu kodwa ngaba olu phononongo lucebisa ukuba ukusela utywala ngokuphakathi kuyimfuneko? Okanye ngaba abanye oothunywashe ngaphandle kokungabi natywala bafak’ isandla ekwandeni kobungozi bokungasela utywala? Le yingxoxo entsonkothileyo kwaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zemiba yezonyango kufuneka kudityanwe nayo ngaphambi kokuba kufikwe kwisigqibo esibanzi. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo zinokukhokelela ekonyukeni komngcipheko kubantu abangazityiyo. Mhlawumbi izinto ezahlukeneyo zinegalelo ngqondweni umngcipheko.
Enye into eyayisilela kolu phando yayikukuthembela ekuzixeleni ngokusela utywala kuba kuyacaca ukuba abantu bathanda ukungaxeli xa bejonga iimeko ezinjalo. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba babengabasebenzi bakarhulumente ke ngoko ukufumana i-generalization kunzima okanye kufuneka kuqhutywe isifundo esahlukileyo esiqwalasela iimeko zentlalo noqoqosho. Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba babesele bekwi-midlife xa uphononongo lwaqaliswa, ke ngoko, ipateni yokusetyenziswa kotywala ebuntwini obukhulu ayihoywa ngokupheleleyo apha. Ababhali bachaza ukuba uphononongo lwabo lujongo ikakhulu kwaye akukho sigqibo sithe ngqo sinokwenziwa de kwandiswe ububanzi balo.
Lo msebenzi kwakhona ugxininisa kwizinto ezinobungozi obuphakathi. Utshintsho kwingqondo yomntu kukholelwa ukuba luqala ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba nabani na abonise naziphi na iimpawu (umzekelo, ngqondweni). Ukubaluleka okungaphezulu kufuneka kunikwe kubomi obuphakathi kunye nemingcipheko yendlela yokuphila enokuthi ilungiswe ngokulula ukusuka kubomi obuphakathi. Imingcipheko enjalo ubunzima, amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye nempilo ye-cardiovascular. Umntu ngokuqinisekileyo unokutshintsha umngcipheko wokukhula ngqondweni kamva ebomini ngokwenza iinguqulelo ezifanelekileyo kubomi obuphakathi. Ukunika lonke ikhredithi ekusetyenzisweni kotywala ngokuchaphazela ubuchopho obuguga kunokuba yinto ehlekisayo njengoko uphando olungakumbi lufuneka ekuvavanyeni ingqondo ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwethu ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
USabia S et al. 2018. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nomngcipheko we ngqondweni: Iminyaka engama-23 yokulandela isifundo seqela laseWhitehall II. IBritish Medical Journal. 362. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2927
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