Ngaba iMonkeypox iya kuhamba ngendlela yeCorona? 

Intsholongwane yeMonkeypox (MPXV) inxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-smallpox, eyona ntsholongwane ibulalayo kwimbali ejongene nokutshatyalaliswa okungenakulinganiswa kwabantu kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo kubalwa ukufa okungaphezulu kunaso nasiphi na esinye isifo esosulelayo, isibetho kunye nekholera. Ngokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwengqakaqha malunga neminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo kunye nokupheliswa kwenkqubo yokugonya ingqakaqha (eyayibonelele ngokhuseleko olunqamlezayo kwintsholongwane yemonkeypox), inani langoku labantu linamanqanaba ancitshisiweyo okugonyelwa kweli qela leentsholongwane. Oku kuchaza ngokufanelekileyo ukunyuka kwangoku kunye nokusasazeka kwentsholongwane yemonkeypox ukusuka kwimimandla ehlala kuyo e-Afrika ukuya eMntla Melika, eYurophu nase-Australia. Ngaphaya koko, ukongeza ekusasazeni ngokunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo, kukho imiqondiso yokuba intsholongwane yemonkeypox inokusasazeka ngamathontsi okuphefumla (kwaye mhlawumbi nee-aerosols ezimfutshane), okanye ngokudibana nezinto ezingcolisekileyo. Le meko ifuna uqwalaselo oluphezulu kunye nophuhliso lwezisombululo ezintsha zokulwa le ntsholongwane ukuba ingasasazeki. Isidingo sinokuvela kungekuphela nje ekuphuhliseni izixhobo ezintsha zokuxilongwa kwesi sifo kodwa kunye nezitofu ezifanelekileyo nezisebenzayo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo. Oku kunokusekwe kwiiproteni zentsholongwane ezithintela amajoni omzimba. Inkcazo yangoku ithetha malunga namanyathelo afunekayo ukuphepha ukuhamba kwemonkeypox umqhele indlela. 

Nakuba Covid-19 Ubhubhani ubonakala ngathi uthomalalisa, ubuncinci ngokobuqatha obuphezulu obufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nokufa, isifo semonkeypox esibangelwa yintsholongwane yemonkeypox (MPXV) sininzi kwiindaba kule mihla ngokusasazeka kwejografi ukusuka kwimimandla ekhoyo eAfrika ukuya kumazwe akuMntla Merika. , IYurophu kunye neOstreliya. Nangona i-monkeypox ingeyontsholongwane entsha okanye i-smallpox (enye yezona ntsholongwane zibulalayo embalini ezibangele ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 ukususela ngo-1900 kuphela.⁽¹⁾ okubangele ukonakala okungenakulinganiswa kwabantu kubange ukufa kwabantu abaninzi kunaso nasiphi na esinye isifo esosulelayo, isibetho kunye nekholera)⁽²⁾, iphakamise i-alamu yehlabathi isenza abaninzi ukuba bacinge ngayo njengento enokwenzeka ngokulandelayo umqhele-efana nobhubhane kwikamva elikufutshane ngakumbi kwimbono yokuba intsholongwane yemonkeypox inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nentsholongwane yengqakaqha kwaye uluntu lwangoku luye lwanciphisa ukhuselo lomzimba ngokuchasene nentsholongwane yerhashalala ngenxa yokupheliswa kwengqakaqha kunye nokupheliswa kwenkqubo yokugonyelwa ingqakaqha. intsholongwane yemonkeypox ngokunjalo.   

Intsholongwane yemonkeypox (MPXV), intsholongwane enoxanduva lwesifo esifana nengqakaqha ebantwini, yintsholongwane Intsholongwane ye-DNA yosapho lwePoxviridae kunye ne-Orthopoxviral genus. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nentsholongwane ye-variola ebangela isifo se-smallpox. Intsholongwane yeMonkeypox idluliselwa ngokwendalo ukusuka kwisilwanyana ukuya emntwini kwaye ngokuphambanayo. Yaqala ukufunyanwa kwiinkawu ngo-1958 (kungoko igama elithi monkeypox). Imeko yokuqala phakathi kwabantu yabikwa ngowe-1970 eCongo. Ukususela ngoko, iye yaxhaphaka kwiindawo zaseAfrika. Ngaphandle kweAfrika, yaqala ukuxelwa ngowama-2003⁽³⁾. Kubekho ukonyuka okuthe gqolo kwenani lamatyala ukusukela oko kwaxelwa okokuqala ngo-1970 ukusuka kuma-47 ukusuka ngo-1970-79 ukuya kuma-9400 amatyala aqinisekisiweyo ngonyaka ka-2021 kuphela. I-WHO ichaze isoyikiso esivela kwi-monkey pox njengephakathi njengoko kukho iimeko ezingama-2103 eziqinisekisiweyo ukususela ngoJan 2022 kunye neemeko ezingama-98% ezenzeka ngoMeyi nangoJuni ka-2022. 

I-monkeypox kungekudala ingaba sisongelo sehlabathi jikelele ngenxa yeziganeko zokugonywa kwe-immunity ezenzeke ngenxa yokupheliswa kwe-pox encinci malunga neminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo. Ukongezelela, nangona i-MPXV inezinga eliphantsi lokuguqulwa, kukho ithuba lokufumana ukuguqulwa okubonelela ngekhono lokusulela kunye nokubangela izifo ezinzima kubantu, ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokukhetha. ⁽⁴⁾. Ngapha koko, ukuqhambuka kwamva nje kubonisa ubukho botshintsho olunjalo olukhokelela ekuguqulweni kweeprotheyini ezibonelela ngeMPXV amandla okubangela izifo ezikhokelela ekuguleni nasekufeni kwabantu, xa kuthelekiswa nokuqhambuka kwangaphambili. ⁽⁴⁾. Omnye umngeni owenziwe yiMPXV, ovele kuphononongo lwase-UK ⁽⁵⁾ Kutshanje, bubukho bentsholongwane ixesha elide obufunyanwa zizigulana ezininzi ngenxa yokuchitheka kwentsholongwane egazini kumjelo wokuphefumla ongasentla, emva kokukhohloka kwazo zonke izilonda zesikhumba. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni intsholongwane isasazeke ngokuthimla ngokudibana namathontsi akhutshiweyo. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba i-MPXV inamandla okusasaza indlela i-SARS CoV2 engene ngayo kwihlabathi, ngendlela yokuphefumla, ngaloo ndlela ibangela isifo esivuthuza ngokupheleleyo. I-WHO, kuhlaziyo lwemeko yamva nje ⁽⁶⁾ uthi, 'Usulelo olusuka emntwini luye emntwini lwenzeka ngokuba kufutshane okanye ngokudibana ngokuthe ngqo ngokwasemzimbeni (umzekelo, ubuso ngobuso, ulusu ukuya eluswini, umlomo nomlomo, ukudibana komlomo nolusu kuquka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo) nolusu okanye imifinya. Iinwebu ezinokuthi ziqaphele okanye zingabonakali izilonda ezosulelayo ezifana nezilonda ze-mucocutaneous, amathontsi okuphefumla (kunye mhlawumbi ne-aerosols yoluhlu olufutshane), okanye ukudibana nezinto ezingcolileyo (umz., iilinen, ibhedi, i-electronics, impahla)''. 

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukubakho kwemeko yobhubhane eyenzeka kwaye ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwamva nje kunye nokuqhambuka kwamatyala angaphandle kweAfrika, kukho imfuneko yokubekwa kweliso okongeziweyo (nangona uphononongo okwangoku kodwa kukho imfuneko yokonyuka okufanayo) kunye neendlela zokuqonda ukuqonda. ubhubhani wesi sifo siqhambukayo ukuze sithintelwe ekubeni sisibetho ⁽³⁾. Ukunqongophala koqwalaselo kunye nokwazi kunganegalelo ekuqhambukeni okunokwenzeka kwehlabathi. Ngenxa yokuba inkawu isisifo esinqabileyo, ukuxilongwa kwayo kusekelwe ekubonakalisweni kwekliniki yeempawu (ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo zokwahlula i-monkeypox kwezinye iipoksi kunye nezilonda zeempawu esikhumbeni) kunye nokuqinisekiswa yi-histopathology kunye nokuhlukaniswa kwentsholongwane. Ukuqwalasela ukuqhambuka kwamva nje kumazwekazi amaninzi, kukho imfuneko eqinisekileyo yokuphuhlisa inoveli yezixhobo zokuxilonga iimolekyuli zokubona iMPVX, ngaphambi kokuba iveze njengesifo esivuthuza ngokupheleleyo, kuphunyezwe amanyathelo olawulo losulelo kunye nokwazisa amacebo onyango usebenzisa amachiza akhoyo ngoku. ⁽⁵⁾ ngokuchasene nerhashalala kunye nokuphuhlisa unyango olutsha nolusebenzayo lweMPVX. Imfuneko isenokuvela nokuba kuqaliswe ugonyo lwerhashalala encinci kwakhona okanye ngokuphuhlisa inoveli kunye nogonyo olusebenzayo ngokuchasene nerhashalala. Amandla aphuhliswe ziinkampani zamayeza kwihlabathi liphela kuphuhliso logonyo kunye nokuveliswa okubangelwa ngubhubhani we-corona ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubonelela ngomphetho woyilo lokugonya olutsha ngokukhawuleza ngokuchasene ne-MPXV kwaye lunokunceda ekuthinteleni i-MPXV ukuba ihambe ngendlela ye-corona. 

Inoveli yoxilongo lwemolekyuli inokusekwa ekubhaqweni kweeproteni ezinekhowudi zentsholongwane ezikhusela umzimba ⁽⁷⁾ ezifana ne-IFN gamma ebopha i-protein gene eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke ii-orthopoxviruses⁽⁸⁾. Ukongezelela, unyango lunokuphuhliswa (zombini i-molecule encinci kunye neprotheni esekelwe) ijolise kwiprotheni ye-IFN ye-gamma ebophelelayo kwi-monkey pox virus ephazamisa i-IFN ye-gamma signaling. Iprotheyini ebophelela i-gamma ye-IFN nayo ingasetyenziswa njengomgqatswa wokugonya ngokuchasene nentsholongwane yemonkeypox. 

Kubonakala ngathi ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kweNqakaqha yayingengombono ulungileyo. Ngapha koko, usulelo lunokuvunyelwa ukuba luhlale kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi elingenabungozi kuluntu ukugcina inqanaba elincinci lokugomela. Mhlawumbi, ukuphelisa nasiphi na isifo ngokupheleleyo kunokuba yinto ecinga kakuhle isicwangciso !!!   

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29198/scieu/2206231  

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