Abaphandi baye bahlengahlengisa iiseli eziphilayo baze benze oomatshini bokuphila. Ebizwa ngokuba yi-xenobot, ezi ayizizo ntlobo zintsha zezilwanyana kodwa zenziwe ngezinto zakudala ezisulungekileyo, eziyilelwe ukunceda iimfuno zabantu kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuba i-biotechnology kunye nobunjineli bemfuza ibizizifundo ezithembisa amandla amakhulu ophuculo lomntu, ke nantsi 'xenobots', inyathelo eliya phambili, imveliso yokudityaniswa kwenzululwazi yekhompuyutha kunye nebhayoloji yophuhliso eziziinoveli kwisayensi kwaye ezinosetyenziso olukhulu olunokwenzeka kubandakanya amayeza kunye nesayensi yokusingqongileyo.
Isidalwa esitsha, i-xenobots, yaqala yaqanjwa kwi-super super ikhompyutha kwiUniversality yaseVermont emva koko yadityaniswa kwaye yavavanywa ziingcali zebhayoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseTufts.
Izazinzulu zeKhompyutha zaqala zadala amawaka oyilo olunokubakho lwabaviwa kwiifomu zobomi obutsha zisebenzisa i-evolution yemithetho okanye i-algorithm. Iqhutywa yimithetho ye-biophysics, uyilo oluyimpumelelo okanye izidalwa ezifanisiweyo zacokiswa ngakumbi kwaye nolona yilo luthembisayo lwakhethelwa ukuvavanywa.
Emva koko iingcali zebhayoloji zathatha indawo yokudlulisela uyilo lwe-silico kwindlela yobomi. Basebenzisa iiseli zeqanda ezisuka kwiimbumba zesele iXenopus laevis (iXenobots, ephilayo iirobhothi ifumana igama layo kolu didi lwesele) kwaye ivune iiseli zesiqu. Ezi seli zivuthiweyo zahlulwa kwaye iiseli zesikhumba kunye neeseli zezihlunu zentliziyo zasikwa kwaye zadityaniswa ngokusondeleyo kuyilo olufike ngaphambili.
Ezi ntlobo zobomi zidityanisiweyo, ziphinde zahlengahlengiswa zazisebenza - iiseli zolusu zenza uhlobo oluthile lolwakhiwo ngelixa iiseli zezihlunu zinokwenza i-locomotion ehambelanayo. Ngexesha lovavanyo lwamva, ii-xenobots zafunyaniswa ukuba ziye zavela ukuze zenze i-locomotion, ukuguqula izinto, ukuthuthwa kwezinto, kunye nokuziphatha okuhlangeneyo. Ngaphaya koko, ii-xenoots ezenziweyo zinokuzigcina kwaye zizilungise kwaye kwimeko yomonakalo kunye nokuqhekeka.
Ezi khompyutha izidalwa eziyilwe zinokusetyenziswa kunikezelo lweziyobisi olukrelekrele. Banokunceda nasekucoceni inkunkuma enetyhefu. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isicelo, sifakiwe inzululwazi.
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Ucaphulo
1. Kriegman S el al, 2020. Umbhobho okhawulezayo wokuyilwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezinokulungiseka kwakhona. PNAS NgoJanuwari 28, 2020 117 (4) 1853-1859; yapapashwa okokuqala nge-13 kaJanuwari 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910837117
2. IYunivesithi yaseVermont News 2020. Iqela lakha iiRobhothi eziPhilayo zokuQala. Ipapashwe nge-13 kaJanuwari 2020. Iyafumaneka https://www.uvm.edu/uvmnews/news/team-builds-first-living-robots.
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