Kwinkqubela phambili enkulu ye-3D bioprinting ubuchule, iiseli kunye nezicubu zenziwe ukuba ziziphathe kakuhle kwindawo yazo yendalo ukuze zakhe izakhiwo zebhayoloji 'zokwenyani'.
Ushicilelo lwe-3D yinkqubo apho imathiriyeli idityaniswe ndawonye kwaye ngaloo ndlela kudityaniswe okanye yomelele phantsi kolawulo lwedijithali lwekhompyuter ukwenza into enomacala amathathu okanye into ekhoyo. iPrototyping eKhawulezayo kunye neFactive Manufacturing ngamanye amagama asetyenziswa ukuchaza obu buchule bokwenza izinto ezintsonkothileyo okanye amaqumrhu ngokubeka imathiriyeli kunye nokwakhiwa kancinci kancinci - okanye indlela 'yokongeza'. Le teknoloji imangalisayo sele ikhona amashumi amathathu eminyaka emva kokuba ifunyenwe ngokusemthethweni ngo-1987, kutsha nje sele igxininiswe ekukhanyeni nasekudumeni ingeyiyo nje indlela yokuvelisa iiprototypes kodwa endaweni yokubonelela ngezinto ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Injalo into enokwenzeka yamathuba e 3D yoshicilelo ngoku iqhuba iinguqulelo ezinkulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezibandakanya ubunjineli, ukuvelisa kunye namayeza.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeendlela zokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo zikhoyo ezilandela amanyathelo afanayo ukufezekisa umphumo wokugqibela. Kwinyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo, uyilo luyilwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeCAD (Computer-Aided-Design) ekwikhompyuter-ebizwa ngokuba luyilo lwedijithali. Le software inokuqikelela ukuba ulwakhiwo lokugqibela luya kuvela njani kwaye luziphathe, ke eli nyathelo lokuqala libalulekile kwisiphumo esihle. Olu yilo lweCAD luthi ke luguqulelwe kwifomati yobugcisa (ebizwa ngokuba yifayile ye.stl okanye ulwimi oluqhelekileyo lwetessellation) olufunekayo ukuze umshicileli we-3D akwazi ukutolika imiyalelo yoyilo. Okulandelayo, umshicileli we-3D ufuna ukucwangciswa (efana nesiqhelo, ikhaya okanye i-ofisi ye-2D umshicileli) yoshicilelo olululo- oku kuquka ukuqwalasela ubungakanani kunye nolungelelwaniso, ukukhetha imbonakalo yomhlaba okanye ushicilelo lwe-portrait, ukugcwalisa iikhatriji zomshicileli ngomgubo ochanekileyo. . I Umshicileli 3D emva koko iqalise inkqubo yokushicilela, ngokuthe ngcembe isakha uyilo lomaleko omkroskopu omnye wezinto ngexesha. Lo maleko uqhelekile ukujikeleza i-0.1mm ngobukhulu nangona unokwenziwa ukuze ulungele into ethile eprintwayo. Yonke le nkqubo ubukhulu becala i-automated kwaye akukho ngenelelo lomzimba lufunekayo, kuphela ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuchanekileyo. Into ethile ithatha iiyure eziliqela ukuya kwiintsuku ukuyigqiba, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nobunzima boyilo. Ngaphaya koko, kuba iyindlela 'yokongeza', iyayonga, i-eco-friendly (akukho nkcitho) kwaye ikwabonelela ngomda omkhulu woyilo.
Inqanaba elilandelayo: 3D Bioprinting
Bioprinting lulwandiso loshicilelo lwe-3D lwemveli kunye nophuculo lwamva nje oluvumela ushicilelo lwe-3D ukuba lusetyenziswe kwizinto eziphilayo zebhayoloji. Ngelixa ushicilelo lwe-inkjet lwe-3D sele lusetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa nokuvelisa izixhobo zonyango eziphucukileyo kunye nezixhobo, inyathelo elongezelelweyo lifuna ukuphuhliswa ukuprinta, ukujonga kunye nokuqonda iimolekyuli zebhayoloji. Umahluko obalulekileyo kukuba ngokungafaniyo noshicilelo lwe-inkjet, ushicilelo lwebhayoloji lusekwe kwi-inki yebhayoloji, equkwe kulwakhiwo lweeseli eziphilayo. Ke, kwi-bioprinting, xa imodeli ethile yedijithali ifakwa, izicubu ezithile eziphilayo ziyaprintwa kwaye zakhiwe umaleko ngongqimba lweseli. Ngenxa yezinto ezintsonkothileyo zeeseli zomzimba ophilayo, i-3D bioprinting iqhubela phambili kancinci kwaye inzima njengokukhethwa kwezinto, iiseli, izinto, izicubu zibeka imingeni eyongezelelweyo yenkqubo. Oku kuntsonkotha kunokusonjululwa ngokwandisa ukuqonda ngokudibanisa ubugcisa obuvela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo umz. ibhayoloji, ifiziksi kunye neyeza.
Inkqubela phambili enkulu kwi-bioprinting
Kwiphononongo epapashwe kuyo Izixhobo eziPhambili eziSebenzayo, abaphandi baye baphuhlisa ubuchule be-3D be-bioprinting esebenzisa iiseli kunye neemolekyuli eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwizicubu zendalo (indawo yazo yendalo) ukudala izakhiwo okanye ukuyila okufana nezakhiwo 'zokwenene' zebhayoloji. Obu buchwephesha bokushicilela bendalo budibanisa 'ukuzihlanganisa kwemolekyuli' kunye 'noshicilelo lwe-3D' ukwenza izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo zebhayomolekyuli. Ukuzihlanganisa kwemolekyuli yinkqubo apho iimolekyuli zamkela ulungelelwaniso oluchaziweyo ngokwazo ukuze zenze umsebenzi othile. Obu buchwephesha budibanisa 'ulawulo oluncinci kunye nolwemakroskopu lweempawu zesakhiwo' ethi 'ushicilelo lwe-3D' lubonelele 'ngolawulo lwemolekyuli kunye ne-nano-scale' eyenziwe 'yi-molecular self-assembly'. Isebenzisa amandla okuzidibanisa kwemolekyuli ukuvuselela iiseli eziprintwayo, nto leyo engumda woshicilelo lwe-3D xa i-'3D printing inki' eqhelekileyo ingaboneleli ngale ndlela yoku.
Abaphandi 'bafakelelwe' kwizakhiwo 'kwi-inki ye-bio' efana nendalo yabo yendalo ngaphakathi emzimbeni besenza ukuba izakheko ziziphathe ngendlela ebeya kwenza ngayo emzimbeni. Le bio-inki, ikwabizwa ngokuba i-inki yokuzihlanganisa inceda ukulawula okanye ukumodareyitha iipropati zekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba ngexesha nasemva koshicilelo, oluthi ke luvumele ukuvuselela ukuziphatha kweeseli ngokufanelekileyo. Indlela eyodwa xa isetyenziswa bioprinting Isivumela ukuba senze uqwalaselo malunga nendlela ezi seli zisebenza ngayo kwindawo ezingqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela zisinika umfanekiso kunye nokuqonda imeko yokwenyani yebhayoloji. Iphakamisa ithuba lokwakha i-3D ye-biological structures ngokuprinta iindidi ezininzi ze-biomolecules ezikwazi ukudibanisa kwizakhiwo ezichazwe kakuhle kwizikali ezininzi.
Ikamva linethemba elikhulu!
Uphando lwe-Bioprinting sele lusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu kwaye ngoko kunokubaluleka kakhulu kubunjineli bezicubu kunye neyeza lokuvuselela ukujongana nesidingo sezicubu kunye nezitho ezilungele ukutshintshwa - ulusu, ithambo, i-grafts, izicubu zentliziyo njl. ivula uluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba okuyila kunye nokudala iimeko zebhayoloji ezifana nemekobume entsonkothileyo kunye neyodwa yeeseli ukwenza ukuchuma kobunjineli beethishu ngokudala izinto okanye ulwakhiwo-phantsi kolawulo lwedijithali kunye nokuchaneka kwemolekyuli- efana okanye ukulinganisa izicubu emzimbeni. Izicubu eziphilayo, ithambo, imithambo yegazi kunye, okunokubakho kunye neemodeli zamalungu apheleleyo zinokwenzeka ukwenza iinkqubo zonyango, uqeqesho, uvavanyo, uphando kunye nokufunyanwa kweziyobisi. Isizukulwana esithe ngqo solwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lwesigulana sinokunceda ekuyileni unyango oluchanekileyo, olujolisiweyo kunye nolwenzelwe wena.
Omnye wemiqobo emikhulu yoshicilelo lwebhayoloji kunye ne-3D inkjet ngokubanzi ibe luphuhliso lwesoftware ephucukileyo, ephucukileyo ukuhlangabezana nomngeni kwinqanaba lokuqala loshicilelo - ukwenza uyilo olufanelekileyo okanye iplani. Ngokomzekelo, iplani yezinto ezingaphiliyo inokudalwa ngokulula kodwa xa kuziwa ekudaleni iimodeli zedijithali zokuthi, isibindi okanye intliziyo, umngeni wayo kwaye ungekho ngokuthe ngqo njengezinto ezininzi eziphathekayo. I-Bioprinting ngokuqinisekileyo ineengenelo ezininzi-ulawulo oluchanekileyo, ukuphinda-phinda kunye noyilo lomntu ngamnye kodwa isathwaxwa yimiceli mngeni emininzi-owona ubalulekileyo kukudityaniswa kweentlobo zeeseli ezininzi kwisakhiwo sesithuba kuba indawo yokuhlala iguquguquka kwaye ayimi. Olu phononongo lube negalelo kwinkqubela phambili ye 3D bioprinting kunye nemiqobo emininzi inokususwa ngokulandela imigaqo yazo. Kucacile ukuba impumelelo yokwenyani ye-bioprinting ineenkalo ezininzi eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Owona mba ubalulekileyo onokuxhobisa ushicilelo lwebhayoloji kuphuhliso lwebhayomaterials ezifanelekileyo nezifanelekileyo, ukuphuculwa kwesisombululo soshicilelo kunye ne-vascularisation ukuze ikwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo obu bugcisa ekliniki. Kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka 'ukudala' amalungu asebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye asebenzayo okufakelwa komntu ngokuprinta kodwa nangona kunjalo le ndawo iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye uninzi lophuhliso luphambili ngoku kwiminyaka nje embalwa. Kufuneka kube nokufezekiswa ukoyisa uninzi lwemingeni edityaniswe ne-bioprinting kuba abaphandi kunye neenjineli zebhayomedical sele besendleleni eya kwi-bioprinting entsonkothileyo eyimpumelelo.
Eminye imiba ngeBioprinting
Inqaku elibalulekileyo eliphakanyisiweyo kwintsimi ye bioprinting kukuba phantse akunakwenzeka kweli nqanaba ukuvavanya ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwalo naluphi na unyango lwebhayoloji 'olwenzelwe wena' olunikezelwa kwizigulane kusetyenziswa obu buchule. Kwakhona, iindleko ezinxulumene nonyango olunjalo ngumba omkhulu ngakumbi apho ukuveliswa kubandakanyeka. Nangona kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuphuhlisa amalungu asebenzayo anokuthi athathe indawo yamalungu omntu, kodwa nangona kunjalo, okwangoku akukho ndlela yobungqina bubudenge bokuvavanya ukuba umzimba wesigulana uya kwamkela izicubu ezitsha okanye ilungu elenziweyo elenziwe kunye nokuba olo tshintsho luya kuphumelela zonke.
I-Bioprinting yimakethi ekhulayo kwaye iya kugxila kuphuhliso lwezicubu kunye namalungu kwaye mhlawumbi kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka iziphumo ezitsha ziya kubonwa kwi-3D eprintiweyo yamalungu omntu kunye. Ukutshintshwa. 3D bioprinting iya kuqhubeka ukuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye nophuhliso lwezonyango olufanelekileyo ebomini bethu.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
I-Hedegaard CL 2018. I-Hydrodynamically Guided Hierarchical Self-Assembly ye-Peptide-Protein Bioinks. Izixhobo eziPhambili eziSebenzayo. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201703716
