Uphononongo luchaza inoveli yonke-perovskite tandem yelanga iseli enesakhono sokubonelela ngendlela engabizi kakhulu nesebenzayo yokusebenzisa amandla e-Sun ukuvelisa amandla ombane
Ukuthembela kwethu kumthombo ongahlaziyekiyo we amandla ebizwa ngokuba ngamafutha efosili afana namalahle, i-oyile, irhasi ibe nempembelelo embi kakhulu eluntwini nakwimekobume. Ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili yongeza kwi-greenhouse effect kwaye kubangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi, kutshabalalisa iindawo zokuhlala, kubangela ukungcoliseka komoya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba kwaye kuchaphazela impilo yoluntu. Kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokwakha ubuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo obunokunceda amandla ihlabathi lisebenzisa amandla acocekileyo. Amandla esola Itekhnoloji yenye indlela enjalo ekwaziyo ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kweLanga - owona mthombo uninzi wamandla ahlaziyekayo - kwaye uwaguqulele kumandla ombane okanye amandla. Izinto eziluncedo ze yelanga amandla ngokwenzuzo abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa yelanga amandla.
I-silicon yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukwenza yelanga iiseli ngaphakathi iiphaneli zesola ezikhoyo kwimarike namhlanje. Inkqubo ye-photovoltaic ye yelanga iiseli ziyakwazi ukuguqula ukukhanya kube ngumbane ngaphandle kokuphinda kusetyenziswe nasiphi na isibaso. Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-silicon yelanga iiphaneli ziphuculwe kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kwimveliso nakwitekhnoloji. Ukusebenza kwe-photovoltaic ye-a yelanga iseli ichazwa njengenxalenye yamandla ekwimo yokukhanya kwelanga kwaye enokuguqulwa ibe ngumbane. Ukusebenza kwe-Photovoltaic kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo zizinto ezimbini eziphambili zokunciphisa yelanga iiphaneli namhlanje.
Ngaphandle kwe-silicon yelanga iiseli, tandem yelanga iiseli zikwafumaneka apho kusetyenziswa iiseli ezithile ezithi zenzelwe icandelo ngalinye le-spectrum yeLanga nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Imathiriyeli ebizwa ngokuba yi-perovskites ibonwa ingcono kune-silicon ekufunxeni iifotoni eziluhlaza zamandla aphezulu ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga oko kukuthi enye indawo yokukhanya kwelanga. I-Perovskites zizinto ezenziwe nge-polycrystalline (ngokuqhelekileyo i-methylammonium lead trihalide (CH3NH3PbX3, apho i-X iyi-iodine, i-bromine okanye i-athomu ye-chlorine) I-Perovskites kulula ukusetyenzwa kwiimaleko ezifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga. umphezulu onokufunxa umthubi, obomvu kunye neefotoni ezikufuphi ne-infrared kunye neeseli ze-perovskite ngaloo ndlela ziphantse ziphindaphindeke kabini imveliso yamandla.
Kwisifundo esitsha esishicilelwe kwi inzululwazi ngoMeyi 3 abaphandi baye okwesihlandlo sokuqala ukuphuhlisa zonke perovskites tandem iiseli solar enika ukusebenza kakuhle ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini. Esi sixhobo sibizwa ngokuba yi-lead-tin mix low-band gap perovskite film ((FASnI3)0.6 MAPbI3)0.4; I-FA ye-formamidinium kunye ne-MA ye-methylammonium). I-tin inengxaki yokusabela ngeoksijini evela emoyeni edala iziphene kwilathisi eyikristale enokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwentlawulo yombane yelanga iseli ngokuthintela ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli. Abaphandi bafumene indlela yokuthintela i-tin kwi-perovskite ekuphenduleni nge-oxygen. Basebenzise ikhompawundi yeekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-guanidinium thiocyanate ukuphucula ngokubonakalayo iipropathi zesakhiwo kunye ne-optoelectronic ye-lead-tin exutywe ne-low-band gap perovskite films. Ikhompawundi guanidinium thiocyanate iidyasi perovskite crystallites kwi yelanga ukufunxa ifilimu ngaloo ndlela kuthintela ioksijini ukuba ingangeni ngaphakathi ukuze isabele ngetoti. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweseli yelanga ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini. Kwakhona, xa le nto entsha idibaniswe kunye ne-high-absorbing top-absorbing top perovskite layer, ukusebenza kakuhle kwanda ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini.
Uphononongo lwangoku luchaza ngokokuqala ngqa uyilo lweeseli zelanga ze-tandem zisebenzisa zonke iifilimu ezincinci ze-perovskite kwaye le teknoloji inokuthi ngenye imini ithathe indawo ye-silicon kwiiseli zelanga. Izinto ezintsha zikumgangatho ophezulu, azibizi kwaye ukwenziwa kwayo kulula ngelixa ixabiso liphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-silicon kunye neeseli ze-silicon-perovskites tandem. I-Perovskites zizinto ezenziwe ngabantu xa kuthelekiswa ne-silicon kunye neepaneli ze-solar ezisekelwe kwi-perovskites ziguquguqukayo, zilula, kunye ne-semi-transparent. Nangona izinto zangoku ziya kuthatha ixesha ukudlula ukusebenza kakuhle kweteknoloji ye-silicon-perovskite. Nangona kunjalo, iifilimu ze-polycrystalline ezisekwe kwi-perovskite zinethuba lokuyila iiseli zelanga ze-tandem ezinokubonelela ngokusebenzayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30percent ngelixa zigcina ezinye izinto zingathintelwa. Uphononongo olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukwenza imathiriyeli yomelele, izinze ngakumbi kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe kwakhona ukunciphisa ifuthe kokusingqongileyo. Icandelo lamandla elanga lelinye lawona mandla akhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye eyona njongo kukufumana enye indlela ethembisayo yamandla acocekileyo.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Tong J. et al. 2019 Ubomi bomxhasi we> 1 μs kwi-Sn-Pb perovskites yenza ukuba i-perovskite tandem esebenza kakuhle iiseli zelanga. Inzululwazi, 364 (6439). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7911
