Uphononongo lwakutsha nje luphuhlise ukunxitywa kwamanxeba amatsha okukhawulezisa ukuphiliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu kumanxeba.
I nzu lulwazi ufumene inkalo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphola kwesilonda ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 xa ukuqonda le nkqubo kwakusekuqaleni. Kwabonwa ukuba nawaphi na amanxeba afunyenwe kusana ngaphambi kwenyanga yesixhenxe ukukhulelwa akushiyanga ziva kwaye kukho isiva esikhawulezayo sokuphola kuphuhliso lwangethuba lwemveku. Oku kukhokelele abaphandi ukuba bazame ukuphinda benze okanye baphindaphinde ezi mpawu zikhethekileyo zolusu lomntwana olunokuthi lusetyenziswe kunyango lokubuyisela. Ulusu lomntwana luyaziwa ngokuba namazinga aphezulu kakhulu a protein ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibronectin. Le proteni ye-fibronectin idibana ngokubanzi ibe yi-matrix engaphandle kweseli ethi yona incede okanye endaweni yoko ikhuthaze ukubopha kweeseli kunye nokunamathela. Yintoni ekhethekileyo kukuba le propati ikhethekile kakhulu kwi-fetus ulusu kwaye ayifumaneki kwiiseli zabantu abadala. Ukucacisa le propati ngakumbi, iprotheni ye-fibronectin inezakhiwo ezibini ezizodwa zeglobula kunye ne-fibrous. Ulwakhiwo lweglowubhu, oko kukuthi, olu ngqukuva lufumaneka egazini, ngelixa izicubu zomzimba zinentsinga. I-Fibronectin ibisoloko ibonwa njengabaviwa abanokubakho abalungileyo ukupholisa inxeba Kodwa ukuvelisa i-fibronectins kuye kwahlala kungumngeni ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kwizifundo ezimbini ezipapashwe mva nje, abaphandi baye banikezela ngemibono kwiintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-fibronectins. nanofiber izinxibo ezisebenzisa iiproteni ezenzeka ngokwendalo kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana. Oku kunxitywa kuchazwa njengokusebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni nasekukhuliseni izicubu enxebeni. Ezi zifundo zangoku ziye zaphayona ithuba lokudala kunye nokuphuhlisa ii-nanofibers zokuphulukisa amanxeba. Ingcamango yonke yababhali yayikukudala iingubo ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa unyango lwezilonda, ngakumbi ezo zenziwe ngexesha lemfazwe. Ukuphiliswa kwamanxeba anjalo yinkqubo ebuhlungu kwaye ayigcinwanga ngonyango lwenxeba olukhoyo ngoku.
Kuphononongo lokuqala olupapashwe kwi Izinto eziphilayo, abaphandi abavela eHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) kunye ne-Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering baye benza i-fibronectin ye-fibrous kwiqonga elibizwa ngokuba yi-Rotary Jet-Spinning (RJS), ephuhliswe endlwini.1. Baye bachaza a ukunxitywa kwenxeba ngokusebenzisa izicubu zomntwana. Inkqubo ye-2-step yayithe ngqo apho okokuqala isisombululo se-polymer engamanzi (apha, i-globular fibronectin inyibilikiswa kwi-solvent) ilayishwa kwindawo yokugcina amanzi kwaye iphoswe kwindawo encinci yokuvula ngamandla we-centrifugal njengoko lo matshini ujikeleza. Xa esi sisombululo sishiya i-reservoir, i-solvent iyamka ibe ngumphunga kwaye iipolymers ziqina. La mandla anamandla e-centrifugal atyhila i-globular fibronectin ibe yimicu emincinci, encinci (engaphantsi kwe-micrometer enye ububanzi). Ezi ntsinga zinokuqokelelwa ukunxitywa kwenxeba okanye amabhandeji. Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana lubonise ukuba amanxeba aphathwe ngolu hlobo olutsha lwe-fibronectin lubonise i-84 yepesenti yokubuyiselwa kwezicubu zesikhumba ngaphakathi kweentsuku ze-20 kuphela, ngelixa iingubo eziqhelekileyo zibuyisela i-55.6 ekhulwini. Ukunxitywa kudibanisa kwinxeba kwaye kusebenze njenge-scaffold efundisayo ethi emva koko ivumele iiseli ze-stem ezahlukeneyo ukuba zenze uhlaziyo oluyimfuneko kunye noncedo lwenkqubo yokuphilisa izicubu enxebeni. Izinto eziphathekayo ekugqibeleni zifunxwa ngumzimba. Amanxeba anyangwa ngolu hlobo lwe-fibronectin anobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-epidermal kunye ne-dermal architecture. Kwaneenwele zikhule kwakhona kwindawo yenxeba emva kokuba lipholile. Le yimpumelelo enkulu kuba ukukhula kweenwele kuye kwahlala enye yeengxaki eziphambili kwintsimi yokuphulukisa amanxeba. Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezisemgangathweni zokuhlaziywa kolusu, le nkqubo yalungisa ngokufanelekileyo izicubu kwaye yaphinda yavuselela ifollicle yeenwele isebenzisa isakhono semathiriyeli enye. Ngokucacileyo, indlela enjalo inenzuzo ebalulekileyo yokuguqulela uphando kusetyenziso lokwenene. Oku kunxitywa kwe-fibronectin kunokufaneleka kwaye kube luncedo kumanxeba amancinci, ngakumbi ebusweni nasezandleni apho kubalulekile ukunqanda nakuphi na ukonakala.
Kuphononongo lwabo lwesibini olupapashwe kwi Advanced Ukhathalelo lwempilo izinto, abaphandi bavelisa i-soy-based nanofiber eyakhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda2. Iprotheni yeSoy iqulethe, okokuqala, iimolekyuli ezinjenge-estrogen (ezingqiniweyo ukuba zikhawulezisa ukuphiliswa kwenxeba) kwaye okwesibini, iimolekyuli ze-bioactive ezinegalelo ekwakheni nasekuxhaseni iiseli zomntu emzimbeni. Ezi ntlobo ze-molecule zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwinzala iyeza. Kunika umdla kakhulu ukuba nanini na amanqanaba e-estrogen ephezulu emzimbeni womfazi, amanxeba okanye amanxeba aphola ngokukhawuleza. Esi sizathu sokuba abafazi abakhulelweyo baphile ngokukhawuleza kuba bane-estrogen ephezulu. Esi sisizathu sokuba usana olungekazalwa ngaphakathi esibelekweni lubonakalise ukuphola kwenxeba elingenaziva ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-estrogen ekhoyo. Abaphandi basebenzise i-RJS efanayo ukujikelezisa iifiber zesoya ezibhityileyo kakhulu kwiingubo zamanxeba. Olu vavanyo luye lwabonisa ukuba i-soy kunye ne-cellulose-based dressings kwi-londa ibonisa i-72 yeepesenti yanda kwaye yaphucula ukuphiliswa, xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ze-21 kuphela kumanxeba ngaphandle kwe-protein ye-soy yokunxiba ibenza bathembise kakhulu. Ezi zinxibo azibizi kakhulu kwaye zikulungele ngokugqibeleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwizinga elikhulu, umzekelo kumaxhoba atshileyo. Ezo scaffolds ezinexabiso eliphantsi zithathwa njengesityhilelo kwaye zinamandla amakhulu okuvuselela, ngakumbi kumkhosi, ukunxiba phantsi kwesambulela sobuchwephesha be-nanofiber.I-Ofisi yaseHarvard yoPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji ikhusele ipropathi yobukrelekrele enxulumene nezi projekthi kwaye iphonononga amathuba okurhweba.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
1. Chantre CO et al. 2018. Ukuveliswa kwe-fibronectin nanofibers yokuvelisa ikhuthaza ukuvalwa kwesilonda kunye nokulungiswa kwezicubu kwimodeli ye-dermal mouse. Izinto eziphilayo. 166(96). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.006
2. U-Ahn S et al. 2018. I-Soy Protein / Cellulose Nanofiber Scaffolds Ukulinganisa i-Skin Extracellular Matrix yokuphucula inxeba. Izixhobo zoNyango lwezeMpilo oluPhezulu. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201701175
