I-China ivavanye ngempumelelo inqwelomoya yejethi ye-hypersonic enokunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba phantse isinye kwisixhenxe.
iTshayina uyilwe kwaye wavavanya inqwelomoya ekhawulezayo kakhulu enokufikelela Ngobuntu isantya kuluhlu lwe Mach 5 ukuya Mach 7, nto leyo malunga 3,800 ukuba 5,370 imayile ngeyure. Izantya zeHypersonic 'super' supersonic (eziyiMach 1 nangaphezulu) isantya. Abaphandi ukusuka kwiAkhademi yaseTshayina yeSayensi, iBeijing baye bavavanya ngempumelelo i-“I Plane” yabo (efana nekomkhulu elithi 'I' xa ijongwe ngaphambili kwaye ibe nesithunzi esimile njenge 'I' xa ibhabha) ngaphakathi kwetonela yomoya ngezi santya kwaye bathi loo hypersonic moya Kuya kufuneka kuphela "iiyure ezimbini" ukuhamba ukusuka eBeijing ukuya eNew York xa inqwelomoya yenqwelomoya yentengiso ngoku ithatha ubuncinane iiyure ezili-14 ukugubungela lo mgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-6,824. Xa kuthelekiswa nenqwelomoya ekhoyo, i-Boeing 737, i-I Plane yokunyuswa yayimalunga neepesenti ezingama-25, okt ukuba i-737aircraft inamandla okuthwala ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-20, okanye abakhweli abangama-200, i-I Plane yobungakanani obufanayo inokuthwala iitoni ezi-5 okanye ngokurhabaxa. Abakhweli be-50. Umbono wenqwelomoya ye-hypersonic esetyenziswa njengenqwelomoya yokuthengisa sele ikhona ixesha elide kwaye ugqatso lokuba ngowokuqala ukuyisebenzisa sele luqalile.
Olu phando, lupapashwe kwi Inzululwazi yaseTshayina iFiziksi, oomatshini kunye I-Astronomy, uye wabeka isihloko se-hypersonic airplanes kwakhona kwindawo ebonakalayo. Ngexesha lovavanyo kunye novavanyo lwe-aerodynamic kunye nokulinga, abaphandi baye bathoba imodeli yenqwelomoya ngaphakathi kwitonela yomoya eyilwe ngokukodwa. Kwabonwa ukuba amaphiko e-I Plane asebenza kakuhle kunye ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokutsala ngelixa ngokuqhubekayo ephakamisa umthamo wokunyusa wenqwelomoya. Ukunyuswa kwegama lenqwelomoya kubhekiswa kumandla omatshini aerodynamic achasa ngokuthe ngqo ubunzima bubonke benqwelomoya kwaye ngaloo ndlela ibambe inqwelomoya emoyeni. Oku kunyuswa kuveliswa yinxalenye nganye yenqwelomoya, umzekelo kwiinqwelomoya ezininzi zorhwebo olu nyuso lwenziwa kuphela ngamaphiko ayo. Umthamo wokunyuswa kwenqwelo-moya ubaluleke kakhulu ukuyigcina izinzile emoyeni. Kwaye ukutsala kunye nesiphithiphithi (okubangelwa bubushushu, ijet stream, zihamba phezu kweentaba njl.njl Ke, umbono ophambili kukugcina unyuso oluphezulu noluzinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukutsala kunye neziphumo zesiphithiphithi. Ababhali bade batyhala isicwangciso somzekelo ukuya kumaxesha asixhenxe isantya sesandi (iimitha ezingama-343 ngesekondi, okanye iikhilomitha ezingama-767 ngeyure) kwaye okonwabela ukuzisa ukusebenza okuhambelanayo, ngokuphakamisa okuphezulu kunye nokutsala okuphantsi. Uyilo lwenqwelo-moya lwaluquka amaphiko asezantsi aphuma embindini wefuselage njengeengalo eziwolayo. Kwaye iphiko lesithathu elimcaba, elimile okwelulwane okwangoku lidlulela ngasemva kwinqwelomoya. Ke ngoko, ngenxa yolu yilo, umaleko ophindwe kabini wamaphiko asebenza kunye ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokutsala xa kukwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu ngelixa unyusa umthamo wenqwelomoya xa uwonke.
Amazwe amakhulu aquka iChina kunye neMelika nawo akwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa Ngobuntu izixhobo kunye nesithuthi se-hypersonic esinokumangalelwa ngumkhosi njengenkqubo yokhuselo. Oku kuyimfihlo kakhulu kwaye singatsho ukuba kuyaxoxwa kakhulu ngenxa yemida engalindelekanga ezifana nezixhobo ze-hypersonic ezinokuthi zifezekise. ngonaphakade. Oku kunokuba yinguqu yomdlalo kwaye zonke ezi phuhliso ziyashukumisa izinto kuluntu lophando lwehypersonic.
Imingeni yezobuGcisa
Olu pho nonongo, ngoyilo lwalo lwe-aerodynamic, lujongene ngempumelelo neengxaki ezijongene neemodeli zeenqwelomoya zangaphambili ze-hypersonic, nangona kunjalo impumelelo yangempela iya kufumaneka ngokuyihambisa phambili ukusuka kwinqanaba leengcamango ukuya kweyona nyani.Izithuthi ezidlulileyo ezaziwayo ze-hypersonic eziye zaphuhliswa. kwihlabathi jikelele baye baxinga kwinqanaba lovavanyo ngenxa yemiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo yetekhnoloji ekhoyo kwaye eneneni isekho. Umzekelo, nayiphi na inqwelomoya ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu iya kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu (ekunokwenzeka ukuba budlule kwi-1,000 degrees Celsius) kwaye obu bushushu kuya kufuneka bufakwe i-insulated okanye busasazwe ngokufanelekileyo okanye busenokubonakala bubulala umatshini kunye nabathwali bawo. Le ngxaki ijongiwe ngokufanelekileyo kumaxesha amaninzi ngomzekelo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu kunye nenkqubo eyakhelweyo yokupholisa ulwelo yangaphakathi ukukhupha ubushushu ngaphandle - kodwa konke oku kungqinwa ngobuchule kuphela kwinqanaba lovavanyo. Ezi mvavanyo kufuneka zisuke kwitonela lomoya kwibala elivulekileyo (okt ukuseta umfuniselo kwindawo yokwenyani). Nangona kunjalo, esi sisifundo esonwabisayo kwaye sinokuvula indlela yekamva letekhnoloji ye-hypersonic.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Cui et al. 2018. Ulungelelwaniso lwe-aerodynamic olune-Hypersonic I. INzululwazi yaseTshayina iFiziksi, oomatshini kunye neNkwenkwezi. 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-017-9117-8
