Ingqondo 'ye-pacemaker' yesifo sika-Alzheimer inceda izigulana ukuba zenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kwaye zizikhathalele ngokuzimeleyo kunangaphambili.
Uphononongo lwenoveli okokuqala ngqa luzame ukusebenzisa ukulinganisa ubunzulu bengqondo ukuchasana nomsebenzi wobuchopho onxulumene nokwenza umsebenzi kwizigulana. IAlzheimer isifo (AD) ekungekaqondwa kakuhle unobangela waso. Uphononongo oluninzi lwangaphambili lujolise kumalungu obuchopho ekucingelwa ukuba abandakanyeka kwinkumbulo - kuba ukulahleka kwenkumbulo kuluphawu oluphambili lwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Uninzi lwamayeza kunye nonyango lujolise ekuphuculeni inkumbulo, nangona kunjalo, utshintsho olukhulu kumandla okucinga kunye nezakhono zezigulane ezenzeka ngexesha le-AD nazo zifuna ukulungiswa ngokufanayo. Kuba kungekho chiza litsha le-Alzheimer's lenziwe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu, olu nyango lunokubakho lunika ithemba kwizigulana ze-Alzheimer's kunye nakweli candelo.
Uphononongo lwenkumbulo yomntu lusekwinqanaba lokuqala kakhulu kodwa nangona kunjalo lunomdla kuyo nantoni na esiyaziyo ngayo. Inkumbulo yomntu yidatha nje. Iinkumbulo zigcinwa njengotshintsho lweekhemikhali ezincinci kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelo phakathi kweebhiliyoni zeeneurons kubuchopho bomntu. Imemori ibandakanya zonke izakhiwo kunye neenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo ekugcinweni nasekufumaneni ulwazi olulandelayo kwingqondo yethu. Isigulana esithwaxwa sisifo i-Alzheimer siqalisa ukubonisa iimpawu zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane (umz. isiganeko sakutshanje). Olu lolona phawu lubalulekileyo lweAD, xa ulwazi lungenako ukufunyanwa ebuchotsheni kwaye oku kubizwa ngokuba “yinkumbulo yokuphulukana nenkumbulo”. Le lahleko ekufumaneni ulwazi ke ichaphazela amandla okucinga kunye nezakhono kunye nokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer: sichaphazela abantu abadala
Isifo se-Alzheimer sichaphazele abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-50 ekupheleni kuka-2017 kwaye eli nani kulindeleke ukuba liwele kwi-130 yezigidi nge-2050. badala inani labantu likhula ngesantya esikhawulezayo (kuwo omabini la mazwe aphuhlileyo nasakhasayo) ngenxa yabemi abaninzi (kumazwe asakhasayo) kunye nobude bobomi obuphezulu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye iAD ichaphazela aba bantu balupheleyo ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho umntu ochaphazelekayo ehlabathini ngqondweni yonke imizuzwana emi-3. Ngelishwa akukho nyango lukhoyo lwe-AD kwaye kubonakala ngathi alukho unyango olubonakalayo ngokusilela okuninzi okubonwayo kulingo lwamachiza anokubakho akhokhelele kwiinkampani ezixuba amayeza ukuba ziluyeke ulingo olunjalo. Ukuphuhliswa kwamayeza amatsha e-Alzheimer's disease kumisiwe ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni kwe-2017.
Ukulinganisa ingqondo: ingqondo isincedisintliziyo
Uphononongo lupapashwe kwi Ijenali yeSifo se-Alzheimer wenze ulingo olunoveli lokuphucula amandla emihla ngemihla kunye nokusebenza kwezigulana ze-AD ngokungafaniyo nolingo oluninzi olwenziwe ngaphambili lwe-AD luzame ukunyanga ukulahleka kwenkumbulo kuphela. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba "yi-deep brain simulation" ibone ukuba luncedo kwizigulana ze-Parkinson's disease (enye imeko ye-neurological) kwaye ngoko yabongoza abaphandi ukuba bayizame kwi-Alzheimer's disease. IAD yimeko ebuhlungu echaphazela kakubi abaguli kunye nabo basondeleyo kunye nabo babathandayo.
Ukulinganisa okunzulu kwengqondo (isixhobo sibizwa ngokuba 'isantya sobuchopho') Kucingelwa ukuba kuchaphazela ukusebenzisana kwee-neurons ebuchosheni ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo kwaye kubandakanya ukufakelwa kweengcingo zombane ezincinci, ezibhityileyo kwilobe engaphambili yesigulana - inxalenye yobuchopho eyayanyaniswa "nemisebenzi elawulayo". Ezi ngcingo ziqhagamshelwe kwisingxobo sebhetri esithumela amandla ombane ebuchotsheni. Esi sixhobo siqhubeleka sivuselela inkaba engaphambili ebuchotsheni, sifana kakhulu ne-cardiac pacemaker evuselela intliziyo. Ingqondo isincedisintliziyo kwandisa "i-metabolism yobuchopho" kwiindawo ezithile kwaye kwandisa uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-neurons ngaloo ndlela kuququzelela oko kwaziwa ngokuba "uqhagamshelwano olusebenzayo". Olu qhagamshelo kucingelwa ukuba luyancipha ngokuthe chu ekuhambeni kwexesha lesifo i-Alzheimer nto leyo ekhokelela ekwehleni ekwenzeni izigqibo kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki.
Uhlolisiso olwalukhokelwa nguGqr. Douglas Scharre kwiYunivesithi yaseOhio State Wexner Medical Centre, eUnited States lubonisa ukuba “ingqondo isincedisintliziyo” inokunceda abaguli baphucule indlela abagweba ngayo, bakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, bakhulise amandla abo okunikela ingqalelo kumsebenzi othile wemihla ngemihla baze baphephe ukuphazamiseka engqondweni. Abaphandi baqaqambisa ukwanda kokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi elula yemihla ngemihla njengokuvula ibhedi, ukukhetha into oza kuyitya kunye nonxibelelwano olunentsingiselo entle nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Injongo ephambili yabaphandi yayikukunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo se-Alzheimer ngesixhobo esikhuselekileyo nesizinzileyo.
Impembelelo yengqondo yesantya somoya kwikamva lonyango lwe-Alzheimer's disease
Olu pho nonongo lwenziwa kwizigulane ezintathu kuphela, nangona iziphumo zabonwa emva kwexesha elihle le-2 iminyaka kwaye aba bathathi-nxaxheba abathathu bafaniswa nesethi yabanye abathathi-nxaxheba be-100 ababeneminyaka efanayo kunye neempawu zesifo se-Alzheimer kodwa abazange bafumane ingqondo. isincedisintliziyo ifakiwe. Ezimbini kwezi zigulana zintathu zibonise inkqubela phambili kwaye zibandakanya uLaVonne Moore oneminyaka engama-85 ubudala waseDelaware, e-Ohio obonise ukuphucuka okukhulu kokuzimela okusebenzayo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengokupheka, ukunxiba nokucwangcisa ukuphuma. Kubekho ukuphucuka okukhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi ezibandakanya ukwenziwa kwezigqibo, ukusonjululwa kweengxaki, ukucwangcisa nokugxila kwaye uvakalise isiphumo esanelisayo.
Nangona kwinqanaba lokuqala, olu phononongo lukhuthaze abaphandi kwi Isifo se-Alzheimer kwaye kwakha ithemba kwizigidi zabaguli. Ukujongana nesifo sika-Alzheimer kuya kufuna iindlela ezininzi ezinjalo ezibandakanya iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zesi sifo kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka ugxininiso kumgangatho opheleleyo wobomi bezigulana. Kuba akukho nyango lutsha lufunyenweyo lwe-AD kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo kwaye nolingo lwezonyango luye lwamiswa kuyo nayiphi na i-AD entsha. iziyobisi, iindlela ezizezinye kunyango kufuneka kuqhutyekwe kuphandwe ngazo ngakumbi ukuze kufikelelwe kwizigqibo ezingaguqukiyo malunga nokuba olu nyango lunokusebenza njani kwimbumba yezigulana.
Ulingo olukhulu lwamaziko amaninzi luya kufuneka ukuze ukwazi ukufumana abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi ukuba bavavanye ubungakanani bolu phononongo. Ababhali bagcina ukuba icandelo lezigulana ze-Alzheimer's zinokuthi zizuze kwingqondo isincedisintliziyo, abanye abanye abanakukwazi ngenxa yokuba ii-neuron zezigulane zonke ziya kuphendula ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwaye ezinye zingaphenduli konke konke. Ulingo olukhulu nolunzulu ngakumbi luya kutyhila umfanekiso ocacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, isixhobo esinjalo sinokucothisa inkqubela yesifo se-Alzheimer kwizigulana ezininzi eziguqulela ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo kwemihla ngemihla.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Scharre DW et al. 2018. Ukukhuthazwa koBuchule obunzulu beeNethiwekhi ze-Frontal Lobe ukuNyanga i-Alzheimer's Disease. Ijenali yeSifo se-Alzheimer. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170082
