Iinjineli zenze i-semiconductor eyenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo eziguquguqukayo ezinokuthi zisetyenziselwe ukuboniswa kwizixhobo zombane kungekudala.
Iinjineli kumashishini amakhulu zijonge ukuyila isikrini esisongekayo nesiguqukayo se-elektroniki. izixhobo njengeekhompyuter kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo. Injongo sisibonisi sesikrini esinokuvakala njengephepha okt liyagotywa kodwa likwasebenza ngombane. I-Samsung, enye yabenzi beefowuni ezinkulu kwihlabathi, kunokwenzeka ukuba iqalise ifowuni ebhetyebhetye kungekudala. Baye bahlakulela ukuguquguquka eziphilayo Iphaneli yokukhanya ekhuphayo (i-OLED) enomgangatho ongaqhawukiyo. Ikhaphukhaphu kodwa yomelele kwaye yomelele kwaye inokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Isici sayo esiphawulekayo siya kuba lo mboniso awuyi kuphuka okanye wonakaliswe ukuba isixhobo siyawa - owona mngeni mkhulu ojongene nawo namhlanje ngabayili bemiboniso yeselula. Isikrini se-LCD esiqhelekileyo siyaqhubeka nokubonisa nokuba igobile kodwa ulwelo olungaphakathi luba lulungelelaniswa gwenxa kwaye kungoko umfanekiso ogqwethekileyo uyaboniswa. Isikrini esitsha se-OLED esiguquguqukayo sinokugotshwa okanye ukugoba ngaphandle kokugqwetha isibonisi, nangona kunjalo, asisayi kusongeka ngokupheleleyo. Ukuguquguquka kunokwandiswa ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa i-nanowires eguquguqukayo kwixesha elizayo. I-quantum dot light etting diode display iguquguquka ngakumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-nano-crystals ukuvelisa ukukhanya okubukhali okukumgangatho ophezulu. Iziboniso kusafuneka zifakwe kwiglasi okanye ezinye izinto zokukhusela.
Isixhobo esitsha sokwakha izikrini eziguquguqukayo
Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje olupapashwe kwi Izinto eziphambili Iinjineli ezivela kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseOstreliya (ANU) ziye zaphuhlisa okokuqala isemiconductor eyenziwe ngayo eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo eziguqula ngokufanelekileyo umbane ube sisikhanyiso. Le semiconductor icwecwe kakhulu kwaye ibhetyebhetye kakhulu iyenza ibe yodwa. I eziphilayo inxalenye yesixhobo, inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-semiconductor inobunzima be-athomu enye kuphela. Inxalenye ye-inorganic nayo incinci, malunga ne-athomu ezimbini. Isixhobo sakhiwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba 'yikhemikhali yokufaka umphunga', efana nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-3-dimensional ukusuka kwinkcazo ye-2D. I-semiconductor ayinakubonwa ngeso lenyama, iphumla phakathi kwee-electrode zegolide kwi-chip yobungakanani be-1cm x 1cm ene-transistor esebenzayo. Enye i-chip enjalo inokubamba amawaka eesekethe ze-transistor. I-electrode isebenza njengegalelo lombane kunye nendawo yokuphuma. Emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kwe-opto-electronic kunye neempawu zombane zezinto ezibonakalayo. Esi sakhiwo hybrid of eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo ziguqula umbane ube sisikhanyiso esibonelela ngomboniso kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, oomabonakude kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ukukhutshwa kokukhanya kubonwa kubukhali kwaye kungcono kwiziboniso ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu.
Izinto ezinjalo zingasetyenziselwa kwixesha elizayo ukwenza izixhobo ezigobekileyo - umzekelo iifowuni eziphathwayo. Umonakalo wesikrini okanye umboniso uxhaphake kakhulu kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kwaye le nto inokuhlangula. Ngokuthandwa kunye nokufunwa kweefowuni ze-smart kunye nezikrini ezinkulu ezikhulayo, imfuno yeyure kukuba ibe nexesha elide ukwenzela ukuba isiboniso singabikho kwimikrwelo okanye ikhefu okanye ukuwa njl njl. yenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngesilicon. Esi sixhobo singasetyenziselwa ukwakha izikrini zeefowuni eziphathwayo, umabonwakude, iikhomputha zedijithali njl. Abaphandi sele besebenza ekuveliseni le semiconductor kwizinga elikhulu ukuze ikwazi ukuthengiswa.
Ukujongana nenkunkuma yombane
Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-2018 iya kuvelisa itoni ephantse ibe yi-50 yezigidi zenkunkuma ye-elektroniki (inkunkuma ye-elektroniki) kwaye ubungakanani obulinganiselweyo buza kuphinda busetyenziswe. Inkunkuma ye-E iquka izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo ezifikelele esiphelweni sobomi bazo kwaye kufuneka zilahlwe kubandakanywa iikhompyutha ezindala, iofisi okanye izixhobo zokuzonwabisa zombane, iiselfowuni, umabonakude, njl. njl. kwaye ibopheleleke ukuba ibangele umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwimithombo yethu yendalo kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo. Oku kufunyaniswe sisiqalo sokuyila izixhobo zombane ezibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kodwa zenziwe ukusuka eziphilayo 'bio' imathiriyeli. Ukuba iiselfowuni zenziwe ngezinto ezibhetyebhetye bekuya kuba lula ukuzirisayikilisha. Oku kuya kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-elektroniki eveliswa minyaka le kwihlabathi liphela.
Ikamva lezixhobo zombane ezisongekayo nezithambileyo liya kuba mnandi kakhulu. Iinjineli sele zicinga ngeziboniso eziqengqelekayo apho izixhobo zinokusongwa njengomqulu. Olona hlobo luhambele phambili kakhulu lwesikrini sokubonisa lunokuba lunokusonga, igophe okanye nokutyumza njengephepha kodwa lunokuqhubeka nokubonisa imifanekiso ecocekileyo. Omnye ummandla kukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli 'ye-auxtetic' ethi ibe ngqindilili xa izoluliwe kwaye enokufunxa iimpembelelo zamandla aphezulu kwaye izenzele kwakhona ukulungisa nakuphi na ukugqwetheka. Ezo zixhobo ziya kuba lula kodwa zibhetyebhetye.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Sharma A et al. 2018. I-Exciton eSebenzayo kwaye iXhomekeke kuMaleko ukuPompa ngapha kweAtomically Thin Organic-Inorganic Type-I Heterostructures. Izinto eziphambili. 30(40).
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803986
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