Izazinzulu zibonise itekhnoloji entsha apho iibhaktheriya ezenziwe nge-bioengineered zinokwenza iikhemikhali / iipolymers ezinexabiso eliphantsi ukusuka ekuvuseleleni. zityalo Kwimithombo
lignin sisixhobo esiyinxalenye yodonga lweseli yazo zonke izityalo ezisemhlabeni owomileyo. Yeyesibini eyona polymer yendalo ininzi emva kweselulosi. Lo mbandela kuphela kwepolymer efumaneka kwizityalo ezingenayo i-carbohydrate (iswekile) iimonomers. I-Lignocellulose biopolymers ibonelela ngesimo, ukuzinza, amandla kunye nokuqina kwizityalo. I-Lignocellulose biopolymers iqulethe izinto ezintathu eziphambili: i-cellulose kunye ne-hemicellulose zenza isakhelo apho i-lignin ifakwe njengoluhlobo lwesinxibelelanisi ngaloo ndlela iqinisa udonga lweseli. Ukulungiswa kodonga lweseli kwenza ukuba izityalo zikwazi ukumelana nomoya kunye nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kwaye zizinceda ekuboleni. I-Lignin ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo omkhulu kodwa ongasetyenziswanga kakhulu. I-Lignin emele i-30 yepesenti ye-lignocellulose biomass igugu elingenamsebenzi - ubuncinane ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga imichiza. Ishishini lemichiza lixhomekeke kakhulu kwiikhompawundi zekhabhoni ukwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo njengepeyinti, iintsinga ezenziweyo, izichumisi kwaye okona kubalulekileyo iplastiki. Eli shishini liyazisebenzisa ezinye izixhobo ezivuselelekayo ezifana ne-oyile yemifuno, istatshi, i-cellulose njl.
Lignin, enye indlela ethembisayo yepetroleum yokwenza iimveliso
Enyanisweni, i-lignin ngowona mthombo kuphela wezinto ezihlaziywayo emhlabeni oqulethe inani elikhulu leekhompawundi ezinevumba elimnandi. Oku kubalulekile kuba iikhompawundi ezinevumba elimnandi zitsalwa ngokubanzi kwipetroleum engahlaziyekiyo emva koko zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa. iiplastiki, iipeyinti njl. Ngaloo ndlela, amandla e-lignin aphezulu kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-petroleum eyi-fossil fuel engahlaziyekiyo, i-lignocelluloses ithathwa kwi iinkuni, iindiza okanye iMiscanthus eziyimithombo ehlaziyekayo. I-Lignin inokukhuliswa emasimini nasemahlathini kwaye ayithathi cala kwimozulu. I-Lignocelluloses ithathwa njengenye indlela enzulu kwi-petroleum kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo. IPetroleum iqhuba ishishini lemichiza ngoku. I-Petroleum yimathiriyeli ekrwada yeekhemikhali ezininzi ezisisiseko ezithi ke zisetyenziswe ukuvelisa iimveliso eziluncedo. Kodwa i-petroleum ingumthombo ongahlaziyekiyo kwaye iya incipha, ngoko ke kufuneka kugxilwe ekufumaneni imithombo ehlaziyekayo. Oku kuzisa i-lignin emfanekisweni njengoko kubonakala ngathi yenye indlela ethembisayo.
I-Lignin igcwele amandla aphezulu kodwa ukubuyisela la mandla kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye yinkqubo ebiza kakhulu kwaye ngoko ke i-biofuel eveliswayo njengesiphumo sokugqibela siphezulu kakhulu kwiindleko kwaye ayinakuthatha indawo yezoqoqosho "amandla okuthutha" asetyenziswayo ngoku. Iindlela ezininzi ziye zaphandwa ukuze kuphuhliswe iindlela zokophula i-lignin nokuyiguqula ibe yimichiza exabisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imida emininzi ithintele ukuguqulwa kwesityalo esichukumisayo njenge-lignin ukuba isetyenziswe njengomthombo wamandla okanye uzame ukuyenza ibe yindleko ngakumbi. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwenze ngempumelelo ibhaktheriya (E. Coli) ukuba isebenze njengemveliso yeeseli zebhayolojiyo esebenzayo nenemveliso. Ibhaktheriya bakhule kwaye baphindaphinde ngokukhawuleza kwaye bayakwazi ukumelana neenkqubo zemizi-mveliso eziqatha. Olu lwazi ludityaniswe nokuqondwa kwe-lignin degraders ekhoyo ngokwendalo. Umsebenzi wapapashwa kwi Iinkqubo zeZiko leSizwe leSayensi e-USA.
Iqela labaphandi elikhokelwa nguGqr Seema Singh kwiLabhoratri yeSizwe yaseSandia basombulule iingxaki ezintathu eziphambili ezidibana nazo ekuguquleni i-lignin ibe yimichiza yeqonga. Umqobo wokuqala omkhulu ngulo intsholongwane I-E.Coli ayivelisi ii-enzymes ezifunekayo ukuguqulwa. Iingcali zenzululwazi zidla ngokuyicombulula le ngxaki yokwenza ii-enzymes ngokongeza “i-inducer” kwiringi yokuvubela. Ezi inducers ziyasebenza kodwa zibiza kakhulu kwaye ke azingeni kakuhle kumbono webiorefineries. Abaphandi bazama ingqikelelo apho i-lignin evela kwikhompawundi efana ne-vanilla yasetyenziswa njenge-substrate kunye ne-inducer yobunjineli. intsholongwane E.Coli. Oku kuya kudlula imfuno ye-inducer ebiza kakhulu. Nangona, njengoko iqela lafumanisayo, i-vanilla yayingelokhetho lulungileyo ngakumbi kuba xa i-lignin yophukile, i-vanilla iveliswa ngobuninzi kwaye iqalise ukuthintela umsebenzi we-E.Coli okt i-vanilla iqala ukudala ubutyhefu. Kodwa oku kwasebenza ngokuthanda kwabo xa babeyinjineli intsholongwane. Kwimeko entsha, eyona khemikhali enetyhefu kwi-E.Coli isetyenziselwa ukuqalisa inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye "lignin valorisation". Nje ukuba i-vanilla ikhona, isebenze i-enzymes kwaye ibhaktheriya iqala ukuguqula i-vanillin ibe yi-catechol, eyikhemikhali efunwayo. Kwakhona, inani le-vanillin alize lifike kwinqanaba elinetyhefu njengoko lifumana i-autoregulated kwinkqubo yangoku. Ingxaki yesithathu neyokugqibela ibikukusebenza kakuhle. Inkqubo yokuguqulwa yayicotha kwaye ingenzi nto ngoko ke abaphandi bajonga abathuthi abasebenzayo abavela kwezinye iibhaktheriya kwaye babanjineli kwi-E. Coli eyathi yakhawuleza ukulandela inkqubo. Ukoyisa iingxaki zetyhefu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngezisombululo ezinjalo ezitsha kunokunceda ukwenza ukuveliswa kwe-biofuel kube yinkqubo yoqoqosho ngakumbi. Kwaye, ukususwa kwe-inducer yangaphandle kunye nokufakwa kwe-auto-regulation kunokwandisa ngakumbi inkqubo yokwenza i-biofuel.
Kufunyaniswe kakuhle ukuba xa i-lignin yophukile, inamandla okubonelela okanye endaweni yoko "ukubonelela" ngeekhemikhali zeqonga ezixabisekileyo ezinokuthi emva koko zitshintshwe zibe yinayiloni, iiplastiki, amayeza kunye nezinye iimveliso ezibalulekileyo ezithatyathwe kwipetroleum okwangoku. -umthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo. Olu phononongo lufanelekile ekubeni linyathelo elibhekiselele kuphando kunye nokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu kwi-biofuel kunye ne-bioproduction. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-bioengineering sinokuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zeekhemikhali zeqonga kunye nezinye iimveliso ezitsha ezininzi, hayi nje nge-E.Coli yebhaktiriya kodwa kunye nezinye iinginginya ezincinci. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lwababhali luya kujolisa ekuboniseni imveliso enoqoqosho yezi mveliso. Olu phando lunempembelelo enkulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla kunye nokwandiswa koluhlu lwamathuba kwiimveliso eziluhlaza. Ababhali baphawula ukuba kwixa elizayo i-lignocellulose kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo incedise i-petroleum ukuba ayithathi ndawo.
***
{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Wu W et al. 2018. Kubhekiselwa kubunjineli be-E. coli kunye nenkqubo ye-autoregulatory ye-lignin valorization', Iinkqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences. 115(12). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720129115
