Uphononongo luvelise imathiriyeli entsha enokubhengeza umoya kunye amanzi ungcoliseko kwaye inokuba yindleko ephantsi ezinzileyo enye indlela kunekhabhoni esebenzayo ngoku esetyenziswayo
Ngco liseko yenza wethu iiplanethi umhlaba, amanzi, umoya kunye nezinye izakhi zokusingqongileyo zimdaka, azikhuselekanga kwaye azifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa. Ngco liseko Ibangelwa kukwaziswa okwenziweyo okanye ukungena kongcoliseko (s) kwindawo yendalo. Ngco liseko yezontlobo ngeentlobo; umhlaba umzekelo ngco liseko ibangelwa kakhulu kukulahlwa kwendlu okanye inkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso ziinkampani zorhwebo. amanzi ngco liseko kubangelwa xa kwaziswa izinto zangaphandle amanzi zibandakanya iikhemikhali, ilindle amanzi, amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nezichumisi zesinyithi ezifana nemekyuri. Ungcoliseko lomoya lubangelwa ngamasuntswana asemoyeni aphuma kumafutha avuthayo, njengomsizi, oqulethe izigidi zamasuntswana amancinane adada emoyeni. Olunye uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo lokungcoliswa komoya ziigesi eziyingozi, njengesulphur dioxide, icarbon monoxide, iinitrogen oxides kunye nemiphunga yemichiza. ukumoshwa komoya inokuphinda ithathe uhlobo lweegesi zegreenhouse (ezifana nekharbon diokside okanye isulphur dioxide) kwaye incede ekufudumezeni kwethu. iplanethi ngokusebenzisa greenhouse effect. Olunye uhlobo longcoliseko lungcoliseko lwengxolo xa isandi esiphuma kwiinqwelomoya, kwishishini okanye kweminye imithombo sifikelela kumanqanaba ayingozi.
Phezu kwayo nje imigudu emikhulu eyenziweyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje yokucoca imekobume, ungcoliseko luseyingxaki enkulu yaye lubeka iingozi eziqhubekayo kwimpilo, oluchaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-200 ehlabathini lonke. Ezona ngxaki zinkulu ngokungenakuphikiswa kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo, apho imithombo yendalo yongcoliseko efana nokukhutshwa kwemveliso kwimizi-mveliso, ugutyulo olulambathayo, ulawulo lwenkunkuma olungonelanga, lonakele. amanzi Ukubonelela kunye nokuvezwa kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi kumafutha e-biomass kuchaphazela inani elikhulu labantu. Noko ke, kwanakumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, ukungcoliswa kwendalo kusaqhubeka, ingakumbi kumacandelo ahlwempuzekileyo. Nangona iingozi ngokuqhelekileyo ziphezulu kumazwe asakhasayo, apho ubuhlwempu, imiqobo yezoqoqosho ekusetyenzisweni kobugcisa kunye nemithetho ebuthathaka yokusingqongileyo idibanayo ukuze ibangele ungcoliseko oluphezulu. Lo mngcipheko wongezwa ngakumbi kukungakhuselekanga amanzi, ugutyulo olulambathayo, ukungacoceki nokungcoliseka komoya ngaphakathi. Ungcoliso lunemiphumo eyingozi kubantwana abangekazalwa nabasakhulayo, yaye ubomi obuphilwayo busenokuba ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 ngenxa yomhlaza nezinye izifo. Ungcoliseko lomoya namanzi ungumbulali othuleyo kwaye kucingwa ukuba uya kusichaphazela kakubi iplanethi kunye noluntu. Umoya esiwuphefumlayo unemichiza eqinisekileyo eyi-99 pesenti yenitrogen, ioksijini, umphunga wamanzi kunye neegesi ezingasebenziyo. Ungcoliseko lomoya lwenzeka xa izinto aziqhelekanga ukongezwa emoyeni. I-Particulate matter - amasuntswana aqinileyo kunye namachaphaza olwelo afumaneka emoyeni kwaye akhutshwa kwimizi-mveliso yombane, ishishini, iimoto kunye nemililo - ngoku ixhaphakile kwizixeko nakwimimandla yasezidolophini. Kwakhona, izigidi zeetoni zamanzi amdaka avela kwimizi-mveliso akhutshelwa ehlabathini Amanzi qho ngonyaka. Zombini i-particle matter kunye nedayi ziyityhefu kakhulu kokusingqongileyo, kwi-ikhosistim kunye nakuluntu.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nomoya kunye amanzi ungcoliseko, kubandakanywa ukuhluzwa, utshintshiselwano lwe-ion, i-coagulation, ukubola, i-adsorptionetc kwaye nganye yezi ndlela ibonisa amazinga ahlukeneyo empumelelo. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-adsorption ithathwa njengeyona nto inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kulula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukubanentsebenzo ephezulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, njl.njl. Phakathi kwee-adsorbents ezahlukeneyo, ekungcoliseni umoya kunye nenkunkuma. amanzi, ikhabhoni esebenzayo yeyona adsorbent isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-activated charcoal, i-itis iyindlela yekhabhoni ecutshungulwayo ukuba ibe neepores ezincinci, ezinomthamo ophantsi onyusa indawo ekhoyo ye-adsorption okanye i-chemical reactions. Enyanisweni, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ngumgangatho wegolide kwii-adsorbents. Ikhabhoni inobudlelwane bendalo eziphilayo izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nebenzene, ezibophelela kumphezulu wayo. Ukuba "uvula" ikhabhoni, oko kukuthi, umphunga kwi-1,800 degrees yenza iipores ezincinci kunye neepokotho ezandisa indawo yayo. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, ikloroform, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zityibilika kwimingxunya yeli nqatha lobusi kwaye zibambe ngokukhawuleza.Kwakhona, akukho khabhoni ehlala emanzini xa sele icociwe kakuhle.Izityalo zokunyanga amanzi kumazwe asakhasayo afana neTshayina neIndiya zisebenzisa ikharbon ecushiweyo. Ngokufanayo, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezinceda ekususeni iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo, amavumba, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa igesi emoyeni. Indlela esebenza ngayo icacile. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezisezantsi zekhabhoni esebenzayo, okokuqala zibiza kakhulu kwaye inobomi obufutshane beshelufu njengoko inokusetyenziswa kuphela de imingxuma yayo igcwale - yiyo loo nto kufuneka utshintshe isihluzo amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo nayo kunzima ukuyivelisa kwakhona kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Aziyi kuphumelela ekususeni ezo zingcolisi mhlawumbi ezingatsalwanga kwiikhabhoni okanye kwiibhaktheriya ze-pathogenic kunye neentsholongwane.
Enye indlela yoqoqosho nezinzileyo
Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje olupapashwe kwi Imida kwiKhemistri, abaphandi baye benza izinto ezifikelelekayo ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nezizinzileyo zokujongana nokungcoliseka komoya kunye namanzi. Le nto intsha “eluhlaza” enemingxuma eveliswa kwinkunkuma eqinileyo kwaye ininzi eziphilayo iipholima zendalo zijongeka zithembisa kakhulu malunga nongcoliseko lwentengiso kumanzi amdaka kunye nomoya xa kuthelekiswa nekhabhoni esebenzayo kwaye ibhalwe "njengenye indlela yoqoqosho". Le adsorbent entsha “eluhlaza” yindibaniselwano yezinto ezikrwada ngokwendalo – i-polysaccharide ebizwa ngokuba yi-sodium alginate enokuthi itsalwe kwi-seaweed kunye ne-algae-ngeshishini ngemveliso - i-silica fume (ngemveliso ye-silicon metal alloy processing). Yadityaniswa ngokulula kwaye yadityaniswa ziipropathi zegelling zealginate kunye nokubola kwesodium-bicarbonate controlled porosity kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwizinga lobude obahlukeneyo. Ukuvavanya ungcoliseko lwamanzi amdaka, idayi eluhlaza yasetyenziswa njengomzekelo wokungcolisa. Kwabonwa ukuba i-hybrid material entsha ibhengeze kwaye yasusa idayi ngokusebenza kakuhle malunga nama-94 ekhulwini, nto leyo eyakhuthaza kakhulu. Kwanomlinganiselo ophakamileyo wale dayi wasuswa. Lo mathiriyeli ubonise amandla akhuthazayo okubambisa intwana yentwana evela kumsi wedizili. Uphononongo olukhokelwa nguGqr. ElzaBontempi ovela kwiDyunivesithi yaseBrescia, eItali, lugqibe ekubeni le mathiriyeli ikwazile ukubuyisela ikhabhoni ecushiweyo ngokufanelekileyo ekukwazini kwayo ukubamba zombini i-particle entle emoyeni kunye nayo. eziphilayo izinto ezingcolisa amanzi amdaka ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ungcoliseko.
Lo ngumsebenzi ochulumancisayo, njengoko esi sixhobo sitsha senziwa ngendlela entsha nengabizi kakhulu ukusuka kwiipholima ezininzi zendalo kunye nemveliso yenkunkuma ephuma kwimizi-mveliso esoloko ilahliwe. Le nto intsha ibizwa ngokuba yi “eziphilayo-i-inorganic hybrid” ayiloxabiso eliphantsi nje kuphela, ikwazinzile kwaye iyakwazi ukuveliswa kwakhona kwaye inokususa ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwaye ibe yinto ekhethwayo. Ide yasebenzisa amandla amancinci xa iveliswa (amandla "ahlanganisiweyo") kwaye ngaloo ndlela ishiya indawo esezantsi kakhulu yekhabhoni. Esi sixhobo siyazinzisa kwaye asifuni unyango lwe-thermal kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye sinokunyuswa kuvavanyo olwahlukileyo. Iimvavanyo eziqhubekayo zibonisa ukuba inokugcinwa kwiimeko ezingqongileyo kwaye izinzile kuphela ekuhambeni kwexesha ngelixa ingathotywanga konke konke. Ke, isebenziseka kakhulu kwaye inokuba noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kuhluzo lomoya kunye namanzi. Oku kuvelisa ithemba elikhulu lokulwa nokungcoliswa komoya namanzi nokukhusela umhlaba ongumama noluntu.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Zanoletti A et al. 2019. Isixhobo esitsha seHybrid esinePorous Esenziwe kwiSilica Fume kunye neAlginate yokuNcitshiswa koZinzo oluZinzileyo. Imida kwiKhemistri. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00060
