Ilaphu lokuqala elingevani nobushushu lidaliwe elinokulawula imizimba yethu ubushushu ukutshintshana ne indawo
Umzimba wethu uyafunxa okanye ulahlekelwe ubushushu ngohlobo lwemitha ye-infrared. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zokudluliselwa kwentliziyo kwenzeka ngolu hlobo. umntu umzimba yiradiyetha kwaye sisebenzisa impahla njengendlela yokwenza lo mmiselo njengoko amalaphu ahlukeneyo abamba imitha ye-infrared kwaye asigcine sishushu okanye sipholile ngokulawula ubushushu. Izazinzulu ziye zanqwenela ixesha elide ukuphuhlisa ilaphu elinokuthi likhuphe la mandla kunokuba libambise kuphela, ukuze kugcinwe umzimba wethu upholile. Nangona kunjalo, iingubo aziphenduli kwiinguqu ezenzeka ngaphandle indawo kwaye ke ngoko abanakukwazi ukulawula ukupholisa kunye nokufudumeza. Ekuphela kwendlela yokuba thina bantu sijamelane nokutshintsha kobushushu bemekobume ibe kukukhetha nokunxiba impahla efanelekileyo.
Ilaphu elitsha elahlukileyo
Izazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseMaryland, eU.SA zenze ilaphu elitsha elinokuthi 'ngokuzenzekelayo' lilawule ubushushu obudlula emzimbeni womntu ngokweemeko zemozulu zangaphandle. Ilaphu lenziwe ngomsonto owenziwe ngokukodwa ngobunjineli obuvavanya ubushushu (ifayibha yepolymer) imisonto yayo isebenza 'njengesango' lobushushu (okanye imitha ye-infrared) ukuba isasaze okanye ivaleke. Eli 'sango' lisebenza ngobukrelekrele ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Xa ngaphandle yemozulu ishushu kwaye ifumile, imicu yefibrecompact kunye nefiber iyawa evumela ukuvulwa kwelaphu elilukiweyo. Nje ukuba 'luvulwe', ilaphu lenza kusebenze ukupholisa ngokuvumela ubushushu obuphuma emzimbeni wethu ukuba buphume. Oku kusenza sizive sipholile njengoko ilaphu likwabonakalisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa imozulu yangaphandle yomile kwaye ibanda, ucuku luyakhula kwaye luvale okanye lunciphise izikhewu ukuze kuthintelwe ubushushu ukuba bungaphumi ukwenza umntu azive eshushu. Ke, ilaphu lifaka amasango emitha ye-infrared ngexesha lokwenyani ngokusekwe kwiimeko zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo.
Itekhnoloji emva kwayo
Ubutsha belaphu kungenxa yomsonto walo owenziwe ziindidi ezimbini ezichaseneyo zokwenziwa ezifumaneka kurhwebo. izinto, i-hydrophilic cellulose kunye ne-hydrophobic triacetate fibers, enokuthi ifunxe okanye igxothe amanzi. Imicu ye-fibreare eboshwe ngetsimbi eqhubayo - i-carbon-based lightweight carbon nanotubes - ngenkqubo efana nesisombululo sokudaya ngokuqhelekileyo sisetyenziselwa ukudaya kwimizi-mveliso yeentambo zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yeepropathi ezimbini ifayibha iyajika xa ibekwe kwindawo efumileyo njengokufuma. Ukudityaniswa kwe-electromagnetic phakathi kwe-carbon nanotubes ngaphakathi kwe-coating iyalungiswa esebenza 'njengeswitch elawulayo'. Ngokusekwe kolu tshintsho kunxibelelwano lwe-electromagnetic ngalo lonke ixesha, ilaphu linokuthi lithintele ubushushu okanye libuvumele ukuba budlule. Umntu onxibe ilaphu akawuqondi lo msebenzi usisiseko njengoko ilaphu likwenza oko ngoko nangoko ngaphantsi komzuzu. Iva amanqanaba obushushu bomntu ngokwawo kwaye inokwahluka ubungakanani bobushushu obungama-35 ekhulwini njengoko inqanaba lokufuma phantsi kolusu lomntu litshintsha.
Kuvavanyo olusebenzayo, iqela lithunge i-0.5 m2 iswotshi ukubonisa ubungakanani bokwenziwa kwekamva. Ukutshintsha kwesithuba sefayibha kwindawo ezifumileyo nezomileyo zabanjwa ngexesha lokwenyani kusetyenziswa i-confocal fluorescence microscopy kunye neswotshi edaywe ngefluorescent yelaphu. i-swatch encinci yelaphu. Baye baqaphela ukuba ilaphu linokufikelela kwiipesenti ezingama-35 zotshintsho olunxulumene nokuhanjiswa kwe-infrared. Ilaphu linokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka ekupholiseni ukuya kwimo yokufudumeza ngaphantsi komzuzu kuyo yonke imifuniselo.
Ngaba iyasebenza njengempahla yokwenene?
Ilaphu lenoveli lenziwe okokuqala ngqa elinceda ukwenza umntu ahlale eshushu xa imozulu yangaphandle ipholile kwaye yomile kwaye ipholile xa imozulu ishushu kwaye ifumile. Oku kubangel’ umdla ngokwenene! Ilaphu linokunithwa okanye lidaywe kwaye lihlanjwe ngendlela efana nezinye iimpahla zemidlalo. Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukwenza eli laphu lisebenze ngakumbi kwaye libe luncedo kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla. Abaphandi banethemba lokusebenzisana necandelo lemveliso kungekudala ukuvelisa iimpahla ezenziwe ngeli laphu linoveli. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kupapashwe kwi inzululwazi ivelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye iyathembisa njengoko ilaphu elinjalo linokuba luncedo kubadlali, abadlali bezemidlalo, iintsana kunye nabantu abadala ngokubanika intuthuzelo kunye nokuziva kwempahla eqhelekileyo.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Zhang XA et al 2019. Ukungena okuguquguqukayo kwemitha ye-infrared kwilaphu. inzululwazi. 363(6427).
http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1217
