Izazinzulu ziye zenza iinkuni ezenziweyo ezisuka kwintlaka ezenziweyo ezithi ngelixa zilinganisa iinkuni zendalo zibonisa iipropathi eziphuculweyo zokusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi emininzi.
Ukhuni yi eziphilayo izicubu ezinefibrous ezifumaneka emithini, ematyholweni nakwizihlahla. Umthi unokubizwa ngokuba yeyona nto iluncedo kwaye mhlawumbi yeyona nto isebenzayo iplanethi Umhlaba. Isetyenziselwe amawaka eminyaka ngeenjongo ezininzi kwaye iphawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye namandla aphezulu. Ulwakhiwo olulodwa lweselula ye-anisotropic (oko kukuthi iipropati ezahlukeneyo kumacala ahlukeneyo) zokhuni zinika iipropathi zoomatshini ezimangalisayo kananjalo ziyenza yomelele, yomelele kodwa ibe khaphukhaphu kwaye ibe bhetyebhetye. Ukhuni lunamandla acinezelayo aphezulu kunye namandla asezantsi okuqina. Ukhuni yimekobume kwaye lunobuhlobo neendleko, lomelele kakhulu, lomelele kwaye luhlala ixesha elide kwaye lunokusetyenziselwa ukwakha nantoni na ukusuka ekwenzeni iphepha ukuya ekwakheni izindlu.
Indalo sele isinike izinto ezimangalisayo njengemithi. Nangona kunjalo kusoloko kukho inkuthazo ejikeleza indalo ukuze siyile kwaye siphuhlise imathiriyeli yobunjineli bebhayomimetic esebenza ngokuphezulu, leyo 'enokulinganisa' iipropathi ezimangalisayo zebiomaterials esele zifunyenwe kwindalo. Ubunqabileyo bomthi buvela kwisakhiwo sayo se-anisotropic kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye namandla aphezulu. Kutsha nje izazinzulu ziye zazama ukuyila imathiriyeli eqwalasela le ngcamango ngenjongo yokuphinda iipropathi zomthi ezifana nokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokukhaphukhaphu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lophando lukhokelele kwiziphumo ezingonelisiyo njengoko izinto eziyilelweyo zichaphazeleka kwesinye isiphene okanye kwenye. Kusengumngeni omkhulu kwiinjineli zokwakha eyenziweyo izinto ezifana neenkuni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukukhulisa iinkuni zendalo kunye nexesha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle yinqobo eqinileyo xa ujonge ukwenza into efana nemithi yendalo.
Umthi ophefumlelweyo we-Bioinspired
Abaphandi abavela kwiDyunivesithi yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yaseTshayina baye baqulunqa isicwangciso senoveli sokwenziwa kwepolymeric eyenziweyo ye-bioinspired. iinkuni ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Esi sixhobo sokwenziwa sinokhuni olufana nolwakhiwo lweselula, lulawuleka kakuhle kwi-microstructures kwaye luya kubonisa iipropathi ezinjengokukhanya kunye namandla aphezulu afana neempawu zoomatshini zomthi wendalo. Abaphandi bathi le nto intsha yomelele njengomthi wendalo ngokungafaniyo nawo nawaphi na amanye amaplanga enziwe ngobunjineli enziwe uphando ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Umthi ofunyenwe kwindalo uqulethe i-polymer yendalo ebizwa ngokuba yi-lignin enoxanduva lokwenza umthi womelele. I-Lignin ibopha iikristale ezincinci zeselulosi kunye kwisakhiwo esifana ne-mesh ukudala amandla aphezulu. Abaphandi bacinga ukuphindaphinda i-lignin ngokusebenzisa i-polymer yokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-resol eneempawu ezifanayo. Baye baguqula ngempumelelo ii-resols ezikhoyo ngokwesiko (phenolic resin kunye ne-melamine resin) zibe iinkuni ezenziweyo njengezinto eziphathekayo. Uguqulo lwaphunyezwa ngokuqala kusetyenziswe iipropathi zokuzihlanganisa ze-polymer resol emva koko ngokungena kwi-themocuring. Ukufezekisa ukuzihlanganisa, iireyini ze-thermostat zolwelo zazikhenkceke ngendlela engafaniyo, emva koko zanyangwa (ziqhagamshelwe ngokunqamlezileyo okanye zenziwe ipolymerized) kumaqondo obushushu angekho ngaphezulu kwama-200 degrees Celsius. Umthi owenziwe ngobunjineli owenziwe wamkela ulwakhiwo olufana neseli olufana ngokusondeleyo nomthi wendalo. Emva koko, i-thermocuring - inkqubo ebandakanya ukutshintshwa kweekhemikhali ezibangelwa ukushisa (apha, i-polymerization) kwi-resol - yenziwa ukuvelisa iinkuni ezenziwe nge-polymeric. Ubungakanani bepore kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwento enjalo inokulawulwa ngesandla. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, iikristale ezenziwe nge-resol nazo zinokutshintshwa ngokusekwe kwimfuno yohlobo lomthi. Umbala unokutshintshwa ngokongeza okanye utshintshe iikristale ezibambe i-resol kunye. Xa lo mthi wobunjineli ucinezelekile, ubonisa ukuxhathisa okufana nomlingani wawo wendalo. Indlela echazwe kuphononongo inokubizwa ngokuba yindlela eluhlaza yokulungisa iinkuni ezenziweyo apho umgquba wama-nanomaterials afana ne-cellulose nanofibers kunye negraphene oxide ingasetyenziswa.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, iinkuni ezenziwe ngobunjineli zibonisa ukumelana nokukhula ngcono emanzini kunye neasidi xa kuthelekiswa nomthi wendalo ngelixa ucingela ukuba akukho kwehla kwiimpawu zawo zomatshini. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkuni ezenziweyo ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu kwaye ziya kuphuculwa ukunika ukhuseleko. Ikwabonisa ukugqunyelelwa ngcono kwe-thermal kunye nokuphucula ukumelana nomlilo kwaye ayinakubamba umlilo lula njengoko iinkuni zendalo zisenza ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba isisombululo sibambezela umlilo. Oku kunokuba lulutho kumacandelo afana nelemveliso nokwakha ingakumbi izakhiwo zokuhlala ezitsha xa zakhiwe kusetyenziswa amaplanga endalo. Imathiriyeli ifanelene ngokufanelekileyo nemekobume eqinileyo nerhabaxa njengoko iphuculwe kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neenkuni zendalo. Yohlukile xa ithelekiswa nemathiriyeli yobunjineli eqhelekileyo efana neeseramics zeselula kunye ne-aerogels ngokumalunga namandla kunye neempawu zokugquma ubushushu. Ikwasebenza ngakumbi kunezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo zeplastiki ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu. Umthi owenziwe ngobunjineli uneempawu ezininzi eziwenza usebenze ngakumbi.
Isicwangciso senoveli esichazwe kolu phando lupapashwe kwi Uphuhliso lwezesayensi ibonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zokwenza kunye nobunjineli beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli edibeneyo yobunjineli esebenza ngokuphezulu eziya kuba luncedo olukhulu ngaphezu koogxa babo bemveli. Iimathiriyeli ezinoveli ezinjalo zinokusebenza ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Zhi-Long Y at al. Iinkuni ze-polymeric ze-2018 ze-Bioinspired. Uphuhliso lwezesayensi. 4(8).
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat7223
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