Ngexesha lokuqala ii-nanorobots ziyilwe ezinokuzisa iziyobisi ngqo emehlweni ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo.
Nanorobot Itekhnoloji bubuchule bamva nje kumbindi wokugxila kwizazinzulu zokunyanga uninzi izifo. I-Nanorobots (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-nanobots) zizixhobo ezincinci ezenziwe kwizinto ze-nanoscale kwaye zinobungakanani be-0.1-10 micrometres. IiNanorobots zinamandla okuhambisa iziyobisi kwi umntu umzimba ngendlela ejolise kakhulu kwaye echanekileyo. Iinanorobots ziyilelwe okanye zenziwe ngendlela yokuba 'zitsaleleke' kwiiseli ezigulayo kuphela kwaye ngaloo ndlela zinokwenza unyango olujoliswe kuyo okanye oluthe ngqo kwezo seli ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo kwimpilo. iiseli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwizifo ezininzi ezijoliswe kuzo iziyobisi Ukuhanjiswa kusenokungafuneki, nangona kunjalo kwizigulo ezinzima ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye umhlaza kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
Izifo ze-retinal zamehlo
Unyango lwe iso izifo ngokuqhelekileyo zijoliswe ekunciphiseni ukudumba kwiliso, ukulungisa ukwenzakala okubuhlungu kunye nokukhusela okanye ukuphucula amehlo. Iretina esempilweni - umaleko obhityileyo wethishu esemva kweliso - ibalulekile ukuze ubone kakuhle. I-retina yethu inezigidi zeeseli ezingevayo kukukhanya (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-rods kunye neecones) kunye ne-nerve fibres/cells ezivumela ukukhanya okungena esweni ukuba kuguqulwe kube ziimpembelelo zombane ukuze zifike ebuchotsheni. Le yindlela ulwazi olubonwayo olufunyanwa ngayo kwaye lucutshungulwe ngamehlo ethu kwaye luthunyelwe kwingqondo nge-optic nerve. Yonke le nkqubo yenza ukuba sibone kwaye ilawule indlela esiyibona ngayo imifanekiso. Izifo ze-retinal zeso zichaphazela nayiphi na indawo ye-retina. Zimbalwa iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo kwizifo ezithile ze-retinal, kodwa zinzima kakhulu. Injongo yalo naluphi na unyango kukumisa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukucothisa iso isifo kunye nokukhusela umbono (ukugcina, ukuwuphucula okanye ukuwubuyisela). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iingxaki zeretina kwangethuba kuba umonakalo awulungiseki. Ukuba ayiphathwanga, ezinye izifo ze-retinal zingabangela ukulahlekelwa ngumbono okanye ukungaboni.
Kunzima kakhulu ukunyanga izifo ezichaphazela iretina kuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu ukuhambisa amayeza ekujoliswe kuwo ngezicubu ezixineneyo zebhayoloji ezikhoyo emehlweni. Nangona izicubu zamehlo ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngamanzi kodwa ziquka ibhola yamehlo e-viscous kunye nenethiwekhi exineneyo yeemolekyuli (i-hyaluronan kunye ne-collagen) engenakungena lula ngamasuntswana njengoko ezi zombini ziyimiqobo eyomeleleyo. Ukuchaneka okukhulu kuyafuneka ukwenza ukuhanjiswa kwechiza ekujoliswe kulo kwamehlo. Esi sizathu sokuba iindlela zesiNtu eziye zasetyenziswa ukuhambisa amayeza emehlweni ziye zathembela ikakhulu kukusasaza okungaqhelekanga kunye nokwenziwa kweemolekyuli kwaye ezi ndlela azikufanelanga ukuhambisa amayeza kwindawo yangasemva yeliso.
IiNanorobots ukunyanga izifo ze-retinal
Abaphandi beMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems eStuttgart kunye neqela baye baphuhlisa iinanorobots ('izithuthi') ezinokuhamba okokuqala ngqa kwithishu yamehlo eshinyeneyo. Ezi nanorobots zenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kwe-vacuum-based technique apho i-silica-based nanoparticles yenziwe ipateni kwi-wafer eyathi yafakwa ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokucoca kwi-angle ethile ngelixa ibeka izinto ze-silica njengentsimbi okanye i-nickel. Isithunzi esibangelwa yi-engile enganzulwanga siqinisekisa ukuba izinto zifaka kuphela kwiinanoparticles ezithi emva koko zicinge ngesakhiwo se-helical propeller. Ezi nanorobots zimalunga ne-500nm ububanzi kunye ne-2 μm ubude, indalo yamagnetic kwaye imile njenge-propellers ezincinci. Obu bukhulu bumalunga nama-200 amancinci kunobubanzi bomsonto omnye weenwele zomntu. I-nanorobots ke iqatywe nge-non-stick bio liquid layer ngaphandle ukuthintela nayiphi na ukubambelela phakathi kwe-nanorobot kunye ne-biological protein network kwi-eye tissue xa ii-nanorobots zihamba ngayo. Obona bungakanani bufanelekileyo beenanorobots buqinisekisa ukuba ziyatyibilika kumnatha wothungelwano lwepolymeric yebhayoloji ngaphandle kokonakalisa izicubu zamehlo ezibuthathaka. Ezi nanorobots ezimangalisayo zinokulayishwa ngamachiza okanye amayeza kwaye zinokuhamba nge-cm nge-cm kwaye zijoliswe kwindawo ethile kwiso ngokusetyenziswa kwamagnetic fields ngexesha langempela.
Izazinzulu zitofe amawaka eenanorobots kwiliso lehagu zisebenzisa inaliti kwaye zasebenzisa umhlaba wemagnethi ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuselela iinanorobots ukuya kwiretina yeliso kwisithuba esipheleleyo semizuzu engama-30 ukusuka kwinaliti. Bahlala bebeka iliso kwindlela ethathwe yi-nanorobot isebenzisa ubuchule bokucinga obusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekuxilongeni izifo zamehlo. Obu buchule bukhethekile kwaye buyinto encinci ehlaselayo. Nangona ibonisiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuphela kwiinkqubo zemodeli okanye ulwelo. Iingcali zenzululwazi zithemba ukuba kungekudala le ndlela iya kusetyenziswa ukulayisha i-nanorobots kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kwaye baya kufikelela kwezinye izicubu ezithambileyo kwiindawo ezingenakufikeleleka zomzimba womntu. Intsimi ye-nanomedicine - ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanorobots yonyango - sele ifumene ingqwalasela eninzi kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kwaye iintlobo ezininzi ze-nanorobots ziyaphuhliswa, ezinye zisebenzisa inkqubo yokuvelisa i-3D. Okubangela umdla kukuba, phantse ibhiliyoni ye-nanorobots inokuphuhliswa kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngokufunxa isilicon dioxide kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nentsimbi kwi-wafer ye-silico phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokufunxa.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Zhiguang W et al. 2018. I-swarm ye-micropropellers ethambileyo ingena kwi-vitreous body yeso. Uphuhliso lwezesayensi. 4(11). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat4388
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