Izazinzulu ziqale zenza i-bioengineered i-cornea yomntu zisebenzisa ubuchule boshicilelo be-3D obunokukhuthaza ukufakelwa kwe-corneal.
ICornea yiyo obala Umaleko weliso omile okwedome. I-cornea yi-lens yokuqala apho ukukhanya kudlula khona ngaphambi kokubetha i-retina ngasemva kweliso. I-Cornea idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugxininiseni umbono ngokusasaza ukukhanya kwe-refracting. Ikwabonelela ngokhuseleko kwiliso lethu kwaye nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukwenzakala kunokubangela ukonakala okukhulu kwamehlo kunye nobumfama. Ngokutsho kwe-WHO, malunga ne-10 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele bafuna utyando ukunqanda ubumfama be-cornea obubangelwa sisifo esifana ne-trachoma okanye ezinye. iso ukuphazamiseka. Izigidi ezihlanu zabantu zithwaxwa kukungaboni ngokupheleleyo okubangelwa kukukrala kwecornea ngenxa yokutsha, ukuqhawuka okanye enye imeko. Unyango kuphela lwe-cornea eyonakeleyo kukufumana a Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea, nangona kunjalo, imfuno idlula unikezelo kwi-corneal transplants. Kwakhona, kukho iingozi ezininzi / iingxaki ezinxulumene nokutshintshwa kwe-cornea kubandakanywa ukusuleleka kwamehlo, ukusetyenziswa kwezithungo njl njl. Ingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu kunye neyona nto inzima kukuba ngamanye amaxesha i-tissue yomnikeli (ye-cornea) iyanqatshwa emva kokuba ukutshintshwa kwenziwe. Le yimeko enobungozi kwaye nangona inqabile iyenzeka kwi-5 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini izigulane.
I-3D yokuqala eprintiweyo yekhonea yomntu
Kwiphononongo epapashwe kuyo Uvavanyo lweLiso lovavanyo, Izazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yaseNewcastle, e-UK ziye zasebenzisa ubuchule bokushicilela obuthathu-ntathu (3D) ukuvelisa okanye 'ukuvelisa' i-cornea yeliso lomntu kwaye oku kunokuba luncedo ekufumaneni i-corneas yokutshintshwa. Besebenzisa itekhnoloji esekwe kakuhle ye-3D bioprinting, abaphandi basebenzise iiseli ze-stem (of icornea yomntu) ukusuka kwi-cornea yomxhasi onempilo kwaye baxube kunye ne-alginate kunye ne-collagen ukwenza isisombululo esinokuprintwa. Esi sisombululo sibizwa ngokuba yi-bio-inki yeyona mfuneko ibalulekileyo yokuprinta nantoni na kwi-3D. I-Bioprinting lulwandiso loshicilelo lwe-3D lwemveli kodwa lusetyenziswa kwizinto eziphilayo zebhayoloji kwaye yiyo loo nto kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-inki yebhayoloji endaweni equlathe "izakhiwo zeeseli eziphilayo". Ijeli yabo eyodwa – equka ialginate kunye necollagen- iyakwazi ukugcina iiseli ezisikhondo ziphila kwaye kwangaxeshanye zivelise imathiriyeli eqinile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihlale imile kodwa isethambile ukuze ikwazi ukucudiswa kumshicileli we3D. Abaphandi basebenzise isishicileli sebhayo se-3D esilula, esingabizi kakhulu apho i-inki yebhayo abayilungisileyo yacwangciswa ngempumelelo kwizangqa ezigxile ukwenza ubume bedome icornea eyenziweyo. Eyahlukileyo 'imilo egobileyo' yecornea yaphunyezwa nto leyo eyenza olu phononongo lube yimpumelelo. Le nkqubo yokushicilela yathatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-10. Iiseli ze-stem zabonwa zikhula.
Ukususela ekudumeni kwe 3D Ukushicilela ngebhayoloji kunyukile, abaphandi bebejonge ukufumana eyona ifanelekileyo i-bio-inki ifanelekileyo yokwenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo iicorneas. Eli qela kwiYunivesithi yaseNewcastle likhokele kwaye liphumelele. Iqela elifanayo labaphandi libonise ngaphambili ukuba bagcina iiseli ziphila iiveki ezininzi kwiqondo lokushisa kwigumbi ngaphakathi kwejeli elula ye-alginate kunye ne-collagen. Ngolu phononongo baye bakwazi ukudlulisa le cornea esebenzisekayo kunye neeseli ezihlala zisebenza kuma-83 ekhulwini ngeveki enye. Ke, iithishu zinokushicilelwa ngaphandle kwenkxalabo yokuba ziya kukhula okanye aziyi kukhula (okt zihlale ziphila) kuba zombini ezi zinto zifezekiswa ngendlela efanayo.
Ukwenza i-cornea ejongene nesigulane
Abaphandi baye babonisa kolu phononongo ukuba i-cornea inokwakhiwa ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zesigulana ngasinye. Okokuqala, iliso lesigulana liyahlolwa nto leyo eyenza idatha itshatise 'i-cornea yokuprinta' kunye nokumila kunye nobukhulu obufunekayo. Imilinganiselo ithathwa kwi-cornea ngokwayo eyenza ushicilelo luchaneke kakhulu kwaye lube nokwenzeka. Iteknoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D ivavanyiwe ekuveliseni eyenziweyo intliziyo kunye nezinye izicubu. Izicubu ezisicaba zenziwe kwixesha elidlulileyo kodwa ngokutsho kwababhali eli lixesha lokuqala lee-corneas 'ezimile' zenziwe. Nangona le ndlela isafuna i-cornea yomxhasi esempilweni, iiseli ze-stem zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ukukhula zibe ziiseli ezininzi kwi-cornea yokwenziwa. Ikhonea enye esempilweni ayizuvele 'ithathe indawo' eyonakeleyo kodwa sinokukhulisa iiseli ezaneleyo ukusuka kwicornea enye enikelweyo ukuze siprinte ii-corneas zokwenziwa ezingama-50. Oku kuya kuba yimeko enenzuzo ngakumbi kunokwenza nje uqhaqho-fakelo olunye.
Future
Olu phononongo lusekwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye ii-corneas eziprintiweyo ze-3D kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngakumbi. Abaphandi bathi umsebenzi wabo uza kuthatha iminyaka eliqela ngaphambi kokuba loo cornea eyenziweyo isetyenziselwe uqhaqho-fakelo ngenxa yokuba kusaza kwenziwa ulingo lwezilwanyana nabantu. Kukwafuneka ijongwe ukuba le mathiriyeli iyasebenza kwaye kufuneka uhlengahlengiso oluninzi. Abaphandi baqinisekile ukuba ezi corneas ezenziweyo ziya kufumaneka ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokubonakalayo kwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo. Ubukho betekhnoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D akuyongxaki ngoku njengoko ingabizi kakhulu kwaye i-bioprinting ivela kakuhle kwaye kunokubakho iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezifumanekayo kwiminyaka embalwa. Ugxininiso olungakumbi ngoku luya ekusebenziseni iiseli ze-stem ukwakha kwakhona okanye ukufaka indawo yezicubu ezonakeleyo ngelixa ushicilelo lwendlela lulungiswa kakhulu.
Olu phononongo linyathelo elibalulekileyo elisingise kwisisombululo esinokusinika unikezelo olungenamda lwe-corneas ukwenzela ukutshintshwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngaphaya koko, abaphandi kwinkampani yase-Italiya bacinga kwicala lokudala 'amehlo aprintiweyo e-3D' aya kwakhiwa ngendlela efanayo ngokusebenzisa i-bio-inki enokubakho equka iiseli ezicacileyo ezifunekayo ukutshintsha ezo zifunyenwe kwiseti yendalo yamehlo. . Ii-inks zebhayo zinokwahluka ngokweendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimfuno ethile. Bajonge ukuba babe nala "mehlo okufakelwa" kwimarike ngo-2027. Uphononongo luvelise uhlobo oluphezulu lwe-cornea yokwenziwa kwaye lugxininise i-bioprinting njengesisombululo esinokubakho kumalungu kunye nokunqongophala kwezicubu.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Isaacson A et al. 2018. I-3D bioprinting ye-corneal stroma elinganayo. Uvavanyo lweLiso lovavanyo.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.010
