Iinjineli ziyile 'ingqondo engenazingcingo isincedisintliziyo' enokubona kwaye ithintele ukungcangcazela okanye ukuxhuzula kwizigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo
Ngokutsho koMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO) ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwebhiliyoni enye kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye kubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 ngonyaka. Ezi ngxaki ziquka ukuxhuzula, Isifo se-Alzheimer, ukubetha kwengqondo okanye ukwenzakala kunye Isifo sikaParkinson. Impembelelo yezi zifo ikhona kumazwe aphuhlileyo kunye namazwe asakhulayo kwaye amaxesha amaninzi unyango alufumaneki ngenxa yokungabikho kwenkqubo yezempilo efanelekileyo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo okanye ezinye izinto. Abemi behlabathi bayaguga kwaye ngokutsho kwe-WHO, kwiminyaka engama-30-40 ezayo ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabemi baya kuba ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuya kuba ngumthwalo omkhulu wezempilo kwixesha elizayo elingekude
I 'pacemaker' yengqondo
Iinjineli ezisuka kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Berkeley USA ziye zayila inoveli isivuseleli semithambo-luvo enokuthi ngaxeshanye imamele ('irekhodi') kwaye ivuselele ('ukuhambisa') umbane okhoyo ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Isixhobo esinjalo sinokubonelela ngonyango olulolwakho olugqibeleleyo kwizigulana ezinengxaki yemithambo-luvo ingakumbi isifo sikaParkinson kunye nokuxhuzula. Isixhobo senziwe i-WAND (isixhobo esingenacingo se-artifact-free neuromodulation), kwaye inokuphinda ibizwe njenge 'isantya sobuchopho' ifana nentliziyo isincedisintliziyo – isixhobo esincinci, esisebenza ngebhetri esikwaziyo ukuva xa intliziyo ibetha ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye emva koko sihambise umqondiso entliziyweni ukuze siphumeze isantya esifanelekileyo esifunekayo. Ngokufanayo, ingqondo isincedisintliziyo iyakwazi ukujonga ngaphandle kwamacingo kunye nokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ukusebenza kombane wobuchopho kwaye yakuba ifundile ukuchonga iimpawu okanye iimpawu zenyikima okanye ukuthatha ebuchotsheni, isixhobo sinokuzilungisa ngokwaso iiparamitha zokuvuselela ngokuzisa uvuselelo lombane 'oluchanekileyo' xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle. Yinkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo enokurekhoda kunye nokuvuselela ecaleni kwaye iyakwazi ukunyenyisa iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo ngexesha langempela. I-WAND iyakwazi ukurekhoda umsebenzi wombane kwingqondo ngaphezu kweetshaneli ze-125 kwinkqubo evaliweyo. Kumboniso osebenzayo, abaphandi babonise ukuba i-WAND ikwazile ukuqaphela kwaye ithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukulibazisa ngempumelelo iintshukumo zengalo ezikhethekileyo kwiinkawu zeprimate (rhesus macaques).
Imingeni ngezixhobo zangaphambili
Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ekufumaneni unyango olufanelekileyo kwisigulane esinemeko ye-neurological yithuba elide lokuqala lokufumana inkqubo kwaye ke iindleko eziphezulu ezibandakanyekayo. Nasiphi na isixhobo esinjalo sinokukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela okanye ukubambisa kwizigulana. Nangona kunjalo, utyikityo lombane oluza phambi kokubanjwa okanye ukungcangcazela luchubekile kakhulu. Kwakhona, ukuphindaphindeka kunye namandla okuvuselelwa kombane okufunekayo okunamandla okuthintela oku kungcangcazela okanye ukuxhuzula kukwanovakalelo kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto uhlengahlengiso oluncinane kwizigulana ezithile ludla ngokuthatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba nasiphi na isixhobo esinjalo sikwazi ukubonelela ngonyango olulolona nyango. Ukuba le mingeni ihlangatyezwane ngokwaneleyo, kunokubakho ukwanda okuqinisekileyo kwiziphumo kunye nokufikeleleka.
Kwisifundo esitsha esishicilelwe kwi Ubunjineli Bendalo, abaphandi babefuna ukuba isixhobo sinikeze umphumo ongcono kakhulu wesigulane ngokunika ukuvuselela okufanelekileyo. Oku kuphunyezwa kuphela ngokumamela kunye nokurekhoda iipateni okanye iisignesha ze-neural. Kodwa, ukurekhoda kunye nokuvuselela imiqondiso yombane kulucelomngeni kakhulu njengoko ii-pulsations ezinkulu ezihanjiswa ngovuselelo zinokugqithisa imiqondiso yombane ebuchotsheni. Umba ngezivuseleli ezinzulu zobuchopho zangoku kukuba azikwazi 'ukurekhoda' kwaye kwangaxeshanye 'zihambise' uvuselelo kwindawo enye yengqondo. Lo mba ngowona ubalulekileyo kulo naluphi na unyango oluvaliweyo kwaye akukho sixhobo sikhoyo sikhoyo ngoku sorhwebo okanye ngenye indlela.
Kulapho okukhethekileyo kwe-WAND kungena emfanekisweni. Abaphandi bayila i-WAND iisekethe ezilungelelanisiweyo ezinokuthi 'zirekhode' iisignali ezipheleleyo ezivela kumaza obuchopho obufihlakeleyo kunye nakwimibhobho yombane eyomeleleyo. Ukuthatyathwa komqondiso kwi-pulsations yombane kubangela umqondiso ocacileyo ovela kumaza obuchopho apho akukho nanye yezixhobo ezikhoyo ezikwaziyo ukwenza. Ke ngoko, ukuvuselela ngaxeshanye kunye nokurekhoda kwindawo enye yengqondo kusidlulisa ezona zinto zenzekayo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukuyila unyango olufanelekileyo. I-WAND ivumela ukuhlelwa ngokutsha ukuba kusetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Kuvavanyo oluphilayo kwiinkawu, isixhobo se-WAND sasinobuchule ekubhaqeni iisignesha ze-neural kwaye emva koko sakwazi ukuhambisa uvuselelo lombane olufunekayo. Ngethuba lokuqala, inkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo ibonakaliswe ukwenza le misebenzi mibini kunye.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Zhou A et al 2018. Isixhobo esingenazingcingo kunye ne-artefact-free 128-channel neuromodulation isixhobo sokuvuselela i-loop evaliweyo kunye nokurekhoda kwiiprimates ezingezona zabantu. Ubunjineli Bendalo.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-018-0323-x
