'I-e-Skin' Elinganisa Ulusu Lwebhayoloji kunye neMisebenzi Yaso

Ukufunyaniswa kohlobo olutsha lokunyanzeliswa, lokuziphilisa kunye nokuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo "kwesikhumba se-elektroniki" kunezicelo ezibanzi ekubekeni iliso kwimpilo, iirobhothi, iprosthetics kunye nezixhobo eziphuculweyo ze-biomedical.

Uphononongo olupapashwe kwiScience Advances lubonisa ulusu olutsha lwe-elektroniki (okanye nje ulusu lwe-e-skin) oluneempawu ezininzi eziquka ukuguquguquka, ukuziphilisa kunye nokuphinda lusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo xa kuthelekiswa nolusu lomntu 1. ^Ulusu , elona lungu lethu likhulu, sisigqubuthelo senyama xa sibonwa ngaphandle. Ulusu lwethu luyinto eguquguqukayo kakhulu esebenza njengekhaka elingangeni manzi, elikhusela umzimba wethu kwiingozi ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle okanye izinto ezifana nelanga elonakalisayo. Eminye yemisebenzi yolusu kukulawula ubushushu bomzimba, ukukhuselwa komzimba ekutyeni izinto ezinobuthi kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobuthi (kunye nokubila), inkxaso yoomatshini kunye ne-immunological kunye nokuveliswa kwevithamini D ebalulekileyo ebaluleke kakhulu emathanjeni ethu. Ulusu lukwasisixhobo esikhulu esinemithambo-luvo eyaneleyo yokunxibelelana nengqondo ngoko nangoko.

Abaphandi kwihlabathi liphela bebesebenza ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ' bezikhumba ze-e ezinxitywayo ' ngenjongo yokuzama ukulinganisa ulusu lwebhayoloji kunye nemisebenzi yalo eyahlukeneyo. Kukho imfuneko enkulu yezixhobo eziguquguqukayo nezinokolulwa ukuze kudityaniswe ngaphandle komthungo nolusu lomntu oluthambileyo nolugobileyo. Izixhobo ze-Nanoscale (10-9 ^m ) zinokubonelela ngokuguquguquka okufunekayo koomatshini kunye nombane endaweni ye-silicon eqinileyo ebisoloko isetyenziswa ngaphambili. Iqela elikhokelwa nguGqr. Jianliang Xiao kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado, eBoulder, e-USA liphumelele ekuphuhliseni ulusu lwe-elektroniki olufakelweyo (isikhumba se-e) ngenjongo yokuguqulela ukuchukumisa okuvayo kolusu lomntu kwiirobhothi kunye neeprosthetics. Olu mzamo lujolise ekubeni netekhnoloji "enokunxitywa" kwixesha elizayo eya kuba namandla amakhulu kunye nexabiso kwicandelo lezonyango, lesayensi kunye nobunjineli.

Ulusu lwe-E: ukuziphilisa kunye nokunokusetyenziswa kwakhona

I-E-skin yinto ebhityileyo, ekhanyayo enohlobo olutsha lwenethiwekhi ye-polymer edibeneyo edibeneyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-polyimine, efakwe ii-nanoparticles zesilivere ukuphucula amandla oomatshini, uzinzo lweekhemikhali kunye nokuqhuba kombane. Le-e-skin ikwanazo nee-sensors ezifakwe kuyo ukulinganisa uxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nokuhamba komoya. Le-e-skin ithathwa njengephawulekayo kuba idityaniswe neempawu ezininzi ezenza ukuba ibe yimodeli esondelelene kakhulu nolusu lomntu. Iyakwazi ukunyibilika kwaye inokubekwa ngokulula kwiindawo ezigobileyo (umz. iingalo nemilenze yomntu, izandla zerobhothi) ngokufaka ubushushu obuphakathi kunye noxinzelelo kuyo ngaphandle kokufaka uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Ineempawu ezimangalisayo zokuziphilisa apho kuyo nayiphi na inxeba okanye umonakalo obangelwe yimeko yangaphandle, i-e-skin iphinda idibanise iikhemikhali phakathi kwamacala amabini ahlukeneyo ibuyisela i-matrix ekusebenzeni kwayo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ibuyele kwimeko yayo yokuqala edibeneyo.

Ukuba le-e-skin iba yinto engenakusebenziseka ngenxa yayo nayiphi na imeko, inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye iguqulwe ibe yi-brand-e-skin entsha ngokuyibeka kwisisombululo sokubuyisela "i-liquifies" into ekhoyo ye-e-skin kwaye iguqule ibe " entsha” ye-e-skin. Esi sicombululo sokuphinda sisetyenziswe - umxube wemichiza emithathu ekhoyo ngokurhweba kwi-ethanol - ithobisa iipolymers kunye ne-nanoparticles yesilivere iyancipha phantsi kwesisombululo. Ezi polima zonakaliswe zingasetyenziswa ngokutsha ukwenza i-e-skin entsha esebenzayo. Oku kuziphilisa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe okufumanekayo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kubalelwa kwikhonkco lekhemikhali yepolymer esetyenzisiweyo. Inzuzo yenethiwekhi ye-polymeric ye-polyimine kukuba iyakwazi ukuguqulwa kwaye inokwaphulwa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokutsha ngokungafaniyo neyona nto iqhelekileyo ye-thermostat imathiriyeli engenako ukubunjwa kwakhona okanye ukusetyenzwa kwakhona okanye ukusetyenzwa kwakhona ngenxa yeebhondi ezingenakuguqulwa ngaphakathi kweenethiwekhi zabo ze-polymeric ezidibeneyo. Oku komelele ngakumbi kunolusu lomntu ngokwalo kwaye lunokusetyenziswa njengesixhasi kulo endaweni yokubuyisela. Kukwamnandi ukubamba kwaye kuvakala ngathi lusu lokwenyani olunokuthi lube yinto egqumayo kwixesha elizayo, ngokutsho izixhobo zombane.

Iipropati ze-e-skin ezinobuhlobo nendalo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi ziye zanconywa kwaye olo hlobo lwe-e-skin lunokunciphisa kakhulu inkunkuma ye-elektroniki kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwaye lunokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye luthandwe ngabavelisi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kusenokuvakala ngathi yinto engenakwenzeka okwangoku, obu buchwephesha bokusebenzisa kwakhona bunokusetyenziswa ngokufanayo nakwizinto ze-elektroniki ezindala. Ngapha koko, izixhobo zokulandelela impilo zanamhlanje kunye neemonitha zempilo xa zonakele zongeza kwintaba ekhulayo yeengxaki ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo ezidibanisa inkunkuma ye-e. Ulusu lwe-e-skin lunokunxitywa entanyeni okanye ezihlahleni zethu kwaye ezi zinokuba njengezinto zokunxiba eziguquguqukayo okanye iitattoo zexeshana kwaye nanini na xa zonakele zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Ekubeni ulusu lwe-e-skin luguquguquka, lunokugotywa kwaye lujijeke kwaye lunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuhambelana nomntu olunxibileyo. Le teknoloji ivula iindlela zerobhothi ezikrelekrele apho ulusu lwe-elektroniki olumnandi ukuliva nolukhululekileyo lunokujijelwa emzimbeni werobhothi okanye ilungu lomzimba elenziweyo. Ukucacisa, ingalo okanye umlenze wokufakelwa ogqunywe kolu lusu lwe-elektroniki unokuvumela umntu onxibileyo ukuba aphendule kutshintsho lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ngenxa yeenzwa ezininzi ezifakwe kulo. Iingalo okanye imilenze yerobhothi efakelwe ulusu olunjalo lwe-e-skin inokwenza iirobhothi zisebenze ngobuchule ngakumbi ebantwini kwaye zikhuseleke kwaye zithembeke ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ulusu lwe-e-skin lunokufakelwa ngokukodwa kwirobhothi ephatha usana okanye umntu omdala obuthathaka kwaye ngaloo ndlela irobhothi ayizukusebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Olunye ukusetyenziswa kolusu lwe-e-skin lunokuba kwiindawo ezinobungozi okanye kwimisebenzi enobungozi obukhulu. Kunokwenzeka ukuba obu buchwephesha bungasetyenziswa namaqhosha abonakalayo, ulawulo okanye iingcango eziya kuvumela naluphi na utyando ngaphandle kokunxibelelana komzimba nomntu, umzekelo kushishino lweziqhushumbisi okanye eminye imisebenzi eyingozi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela olu lusu lwe-e-skin lunokunciphisa amathuba okwenzakala komntu.

Ukongeza umboniso kwi-e-skin

Iqela labaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseTokyo kutshanje longeze isiboniso ^sesi-2 (i-micro-LED) kwiziqwenga zesikhumba ezibhityileyo kakhulu, ezisetyenziswa njenge-band aid ukuze kuboniswe iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokujonga impilo ngexesha langempela (umz. ukulinganisa amanqanaba eglucose kubantu abanesifo seswekile okanye i-waveform ehambayo ye-electrocardiogram yesigulana sentliziyo ) . Ezi ziqwenga zinentambo eyolulwayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela zinokugoba okanye zoluleke ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45% ngokusekwe kwintshukumo yomntu ozinxibileyo. Ezi zithathwa njengezona zinoyilo oluguquguqukayo noluhlala ixesha elide kutshanje. Ukuqhubeka kokulahleka kweeseli zolusu lomntu kunokuthetha ukuba isiqwenga sinokuwa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa kodwa oku kunokulungiswa.

Olu phononongo, olukhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uTakao Someya luthi umboniso onjalo unokusetyenziselwa ukufunda nokunxibelelana ngolwazi lwezonyango ngendlela engenamthungo nelula kungekuphela nje kwizigulana kodwa nakumalungu entsapho, abongi kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo enoba babona ubuso ngobuso. ukude. Iza kufumana imiyalezo ngokunjalo. Abaphandi bajolise ekuphuculeni ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwepetshi, ukuyenza ibe yindleko ngakumbi kwaye inyuse imveliso yayo ukuze ifikeleleke ngokubanzi kwihlabathi liphela. Injongo yabo kukusungula esi sixhobo kwimarike ekupheleni kuka-2020.

Imiceli mngeni engaphambili

Uphuhliso lwe-e-skin luphando lwenoveli oluchulumancisayo, nangona kunjalo, enye yeempawu ezisisiseko zethu - ukuguquguquka kunye nokukwazi ukolula - kusaza kuzuzwa ngempumelelo nge-e-skin. I-e-skin ithambile kodwa ayinwenwanga njengolusu lomntu. Ngokutsho kwababhali, njengoko imile imathiriyeli nayo ayiphinda iphindekeke ngokulula. Ukuncitshiswa okuncinci ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwemvakalelo kwisixhobo se-e-skin esihlaziyiweyo/esisetyenzisiweyo sabonwa xa kuthelekiswa nemodyuli entsha, oku kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ngophando olongezelelweyo. Imagnethi esetyenziswa zizikhumba ze-elektroniki nazo ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka zithotywe. Okwangoku isixhobo sinikwe amandla ukusuka kumthombo wangaphandle engenakwenzeka kakhulu, kodwa kufanele ukuba kwenzeke ukuphinda utshajwe, iibhetri ezincinci ukunika amandla isixhobo endaweni yoko. UDkt.Xiao kunye neqela lakhe bafuna ukucokisa le mveliso kunye nokuphucula isisombululo sokulinganisa ukwenzela ukuba ubuncinane imiqobo yezoqoqosho inokugqithwa kwaye le-e-skin kufuneka ibe lula ukwenza kunye nokubeka kwiirobhothi okanye kwiprosthetics okanye izixhobo zonyango okanye nayiphi na enye into.

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Umthombo (s)

1. Zou Z et al. 2018. Ulusu lwe-elektroniki olunokunyangwa kwakhona, olunokuphinde lusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, nolunokunyibilika olusebenza nge-dynamic covalent thermoset nanocomposite. Science Advances . https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq0508

2. Someya T. 2018. Ukubeka iliso kwimpilo rhoqo ngeeSensors eziguquguqukayo kakhulu eluswini. I-AAAS Annual Meeting Symposium, e-Austin, eTexas, nge-17 kaFebruwari 2018. https://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/20827

3. Yokota T. et al. Ulusu olunefotoksiki oluguquguqukayo nolungabonakaliyo. Inkqubela phambili yesayensi. 15 Epreli 2016. Umqulu 2, Umba 4. I-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501856

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