La manqaku mafutshane achaza ukuba yintoni i-biocatalysis, ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukunceda uluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Injongo yeli nqaku lifutshane kukwenza umfundi azi ngokubaluleka kwe-biocatalysis kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukunceda uluntu kunye noluntu. indawo. I-Biocatalysis ibhekisa kusetyenziso lwee-agent zebhayoloji, nokuba zii-enzayimi okanye izinto eziphilayo ezibangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali. Ii-enzymes ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokuba kwimo eyedwa okanye zibonakaliswe ngaphakathi kwinto ephilayo xa umzimba usetyenziselwa ukuvuselela ukusabela okunjalo. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-enzymes kunye nezinto eziphilayo kukuba zithe ngqo kwaye azivelisi iimveliso ezingahambelaniyo ezibonwayo xa kusetyenziswa imichiza ukwenza ezo mpendulo. Enye inzuzo kukuba i-enzymes kunye nezinto eziphilayo zisebenza kwiimeko ezinobungozi obungaphantsi kwaye zihambelana ne-ecofriendly ngokuchasene neekhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa okunjalo.
Inkqubo yokwenza ukusabela kusetyenziswa ii-enzymes kunye nezinto eziphilayo yaziwa ngokuba yi-biotransformation. Ezo mpendulo ze-biotransformation azenzeki kuphela kwi-vivo ngaphakathi komzimba womntu (isibindi sililungu elithandwayo; apho i-cytochrome P450s isetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-xenobiotics ukuba amanzi iikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo ezinokukhutshelwa emzimbeni), kodwa zikwanokusetyenziswa ex vivo kusetyenziswa i-microbial enzymes ukwenza iimpendulo ezilulutho eluntwini.
Kukho i-plethora yeendlela apho i-biocatalysis1 kunye neempendulo ze-biotransformation zingasetyenziselwa uncedo lomntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Enye indawo enjalo eqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obunjalo kukuveliswa kwe iplastiki imathiriyeli, nokuba yeyeengxowa zokuvelisa, iinkonkxa, iibhotile okanye nasiphi na isikhongozeli (izikhongozeli), njengoko senziwe ngokwekhemikhali iiplastiki zenza isoyikiso esikhulu kwindalo eyohlukeneyo kwaye azinakonakala. Ziqokelelana kwindawo engqongileyo kwaye azikwazi ukuzikhupha ngokulula. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-enzymes kunye nezinto eziphilayo ukuvelisa izinto eziphilayo, iiplastiki ezinokuthi zingonakaliswe ngokulula kwaye zingabi soyikiso kokusingqongileyo ziya kuhamba umgama omde ekunciphiseni kuphela inkunkuma yeplastiki eyenziwe ngemichiza kodwa incede nasekugcineni imixokomelwano yokuphilisana kwezidalwa nokuthintela izityalo nezilwanyana ukuba zingabikho. Izikhongozeli ezingonakaliswa ngebhayoloji ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli ye-bioplastic ziya kufumana ukusetyenziswa kumashishini aliqela afana neshishini lezolimo, ukupakishwa kokutya, iziselo kunye namayeza.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zetekhnoloji namhlanje ukuvelisa i-bioplastics2-4. Ezinye ziye zaqinisekiswa elabhoratri ngelixa ezinye zisekwinqanaba lobuntwana. Uphando kwihlabathi jikelele lusebenza kwezo teknoloji ukuze zingabizi kakhulu5 kwaye zinomlinganiselo ukuze zithathwe zivelise i-bioplastic kwindawo yoshishino. Ezi bioplastics ekugqibeleni zinokuthatha indawo eyenziwe ngamachiza iiplastiki.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29198/scieu1901
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Umthombo (s)
1. Pedersen JN et al. 2019. Iindlela ze-Genetic kunye neekhemikhali ze-surface charge yobunjineli bee-enzymes kunye nokusebenza kwazo kwi-biocatalysis: Uphononongo. Biotechnol Bioeng. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.26979
2. UFai Tsang Y et al. 2019. Ukuveliswa kwe-bioplastic ngokusebenzisa i-valorization yenkunkuma yokutya. I-Environment International. 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.076
3. ICosta SS et al. 2019. I-Microalgae njengomthombo we-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) - Uphononongo. Int J Biol Macromol. 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.099
4. UJohnston B et al. 2018. Ukuveliswa kweMicrobial yePolyhydroxyalkanoates ukusuka kwiNkunkuma yamaqhekeza ePolystyrene efunyenwe ngokuSebenzisa ukuthotywa kweOxidative. Iipolymers (Basel). 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10090957
5. Poulopoulou N et al. 2019. Ukuphonononga i-Bioplastics yobunjineli obulandelayo: iPoly(alkylene furanoate)/Poly(alkylene terephthalate) (PAF/PAT) IiBlends. Iipolymers (Basel). 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030556
Malunga nommeli
Rajeev Soni PhD (Cambridge)
Dr Rajeev Soni unePhD kwiBhayoloji yeMolekyuli kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge apho wayeyiCambridge Nehru kunye nesifundiswa saseSchlumberger. Uyingcali yebhayoloji enamava kwaye ubambe iindima ezininzi eziphezulu kwizifundiswa nakwishishini.
Iimbono kunye nezimvo ezivakaliswe kwiiblogi zezo zombhali kuphela kunye nabanye abanegalelo ukuba bakhona.
