I-Neuralink sisixhobo esifakelwayo esiye sabonisa ukuphucuka okuphawulekayo ngaphezu kwabanye kuba isekela i-flexible cellophane-like conductive wires ezifakwe kwi-tissue usebenzisa "umatshini wokuthunga" irobhothi yotyando. Le teknoloji inokunceda ukunciphisa izifo zengqondo (ukudandatheka, i-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's njl.) kunye nentambo yomgogodla (i-paraplegia, i-quadriplegia njl.) enento eqhelekileyo yokunganxibelelani kakuhle okanye ukulahleka konxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli ze-neuronal.
Iimpawu ze-Neural okanye nerve iimpembelelo zingundoqo umntu amava. Zonke iimvakalelo zethu, imvakalelo, intlungu kunye nolonwabo, ulonwabo, inkumbulo kunye nostalgia, kunye nokuqonda zisisiphumo sesizukulwana, ukusasazwa kunye nokwamkelwa. I-neural Iimpawu ukusuka kwenye i-neuron ukuya kwenye. Ukusebenza okungenamagingxi-gingxi koku kuguqulela kwimpilo entle. Nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kule nkqubo ngenxa yokwenzakala okanye ukuwohloka okunxulumene nobudala kukhokelela kwizifo. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo ze-neural kubandakanya ukuthumela I-neural Iimpawu kwisixhobo sangaphandle esinje nge ikhompyutha ukuwahlalutya kunye nokwenza nawaphi na amanyathelo okulungisa afanelekileyo, ibimile imizamo yesayensi ekuphuculeni umntu ubomi kunye nempilo. Oku kunokwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngokudala ujongano lwekhompyuter yobuchopho.
ingqondo Ujongano lweKhompyutha lukwabizwa ngokuba yiBrain Machine Interface okanye I-neural Ujongano. Likhonkco lonxibelelwano phakathi kwe umntu ingqondo kunye nesixhobo sangaphandle. Kubekho ukuhambela phambili okubalulekileyo kulo mmandla kutsha nje. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziquka i-brain pacemaker1,2, BrainNet3,4, ukuphila kwam ngonaphakade5 kunye namalungu e-bionic6.
I-brain pacemaker yonyusa unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-neuron. Oku kubandakanya ukufakela iingcingo zombane ezincinci, ezibhityileyo kwincam engaphambili yesigulana kwaye emva koko kuthunyelwe amandla ombane ngesixhobo esisebenza ngebhetri, ngaloo ndlela kube lula ukunxibelelana okusebenzayo phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuzihlalutya kusetyenziswa ikhompyuter.
I-BrainNet ibhekisa ekwandiseni ujongano lwengqondo-yekhompyuter ukuya kujongano lwengqondo ukuya kwingqondo abantu apho umxholo osuka kwimiqondiso ye-neural (efana nenkumbulo, iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo njl.njl.) itsalwa 'kumthumeli' kwaye isiwe 'kubamkeli' ngengqondo nge-intanethi.
Ukungafi kumxholo weli nqaku kubhekiselele ekuvuseleleni imisebenzi yengqondo emva kokufa kwezinto eziphilayo. Izazinzulu zikwazile ukuvuselela ingqondo yehagu ngokunika amandla obuchopho.
Amalungu e-Bionic abhekisa kuphuhliso lwamalungu asebenzayo ngokusetyenziswa kweempembelelo zombane njengoko kubonisiwe ngokudala iliso le-bionic (inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yokunceda abantu abangaboniyo/abangaboniyo). I-Bionic eye isebenzisa ikhamera yevidiyo encinane efakwe kwiglasi, iguqule le mifanekiso ibe yimibhobho yombane, ize ke idlulisele ezo pulse ngaphandle kwamacingo kwii-electrode ezimiliselwe kumphezulu weretina. Oku kuvumela isigulana ukuba sitolike ezi patheni zokubonwayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela siphinde siphinde sibone luncedo.
Uvuselelo olunzulu lobuchopho kwiminyaka edlulileyo lwenze utshintsho ukusuka ekunxibeleni ukuya kwizixhobo ezifakelwayo7 kwaye ubonise uphuculo olubonakalayo kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo8. Neuralink9 sesinye isixhobo esifakelwayo esiye sabonisa ukuphucuka okuphawulekayo ngaphezu kwabanye kuba sixhasa iingcingo eziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-cellophane ezifakwe kwithishu kusetyenziswa “umatshini wokuthunga” irobhothi yotyando. Ukuchaneka apho iirobhothi zifakela isixhobo yenza inkqubo ikhuseleke kakhulu kwaye inokwethenjelwa. Olona bungakanani bubonke bolukeko kwaye lolo lwengqekembe encinci kwaye isixhobo siyi-23mm X 8mm ngobukhulu. Isixhobo sifumene i-Breakthrough Designation ngoJulayi kwaye i-Neuralink isebenza kunye ne-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kwilingo lekliniki elizayo kubantu abane-paraplegia. Kucingelwa ukuba ukulungiswa kweempawu ze-neural ngokusetyenziswa kwe-Neuralink kuya kukwazi ukucombulula inani elikhulu leengxaki zempilo ngaphandle kokuba ibonakaliswe ikhuselekile ekusebenziseni ixesha elide. abantu.
Le teknoloji inokunceda ukunciphisa izifo zengqondo (ukudakumba, i-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's njl.) umqolo (i-paraplegia, i-quadriplegia njl.) enento eqhelekileyo yokunganxibelelani kakuhle okanye ukulahleka konxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli ze-neuronal ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthumela iimpembelelo zombane. Ukusetyenziswa kobu buchwephesha kuya kuphucula unxibelelwano kwaye kuncede kwakhona ukuchonga ukuthambekela kwezi zifo ngokubeka iliso kwiimpembelelo zombane umntu ingqondo. Oku kunokunceda abantu ukuphila ubomi obude obungenazo naziphi na izifo zengqondo. Itekhnoloji ingaphinda isetyenziswe ukwenza immortalise umntu ingqondo kwaye ikhokelele kuphuhliso iirobhothi ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa efanayo okanye ngcono kunokuba abantu namhlanje.
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Iingxelo:
- I-Brain Pacemaker: Ithemba elitsha Kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/technology/brain-pacemaker-new-hope-for-people-with-dementia/
- Isincedisi-ntliziyo esingenacingo ''Brain Pacemaker'' Enokubona kwaye ithintele ukuxhuzula https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/technology/a-wireless-brain-pacemaker-that-can-detect-and-prevent-seizures/
- I-BrainNet: Ityala lokuqala loNxibelelwano oluthe ngqo 'lweBrain-to-Brain' https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/biology/brainnet-the-first-case-of-direct-brain-to-brain-communication/
- Kaku M, 2018. Ubuchwephesha bexesha elizayo. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RQ44wQwpCc
- Ukuvuselelwa kweeHagu Ubuchopho emva kokufa: I-intshi ekufutshane nokungafi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/biology/revival-of-pigs-brain-after-death-an-inch-closer-to-immortality/
- Iliso le-Bionic: Isithembiso sombono wezigulane ezinomonakalo we-Retinal kunye ne-Optic Nerve https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/technology/bionic-eye-promise-of-vision-for-patients-with-retinal-and-optic-nerve-damage/
- Montalbano L., 2020. IiNdibaniselwano zoMtshini weNgqondo kunye neeNqobo eziseSikweni: Utshintsho olusuka kwizinto eziMnxilisayo ukuya kwizinto eziFakelwayo (ngoFebruwari 8, 2020). Iyafumaneka eSSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3534725 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534725
- Bettinger CJ, Ecker M, et al 2020. Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kwi-neural interfaces-Izinto zekhemistri ukuya kuguqulelo lwezonyango. Ipapashwe kwi-intanethi yiCambridge University Press: 10 Agasti 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.195
- Musk E, 2020. NeuraLink Progress Update, Summer 2020. 28 August 2020. Ifumaneka kwi-intanethi apha https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVvmgjBL74w&feature=youtu.be
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