I-injector entsha entsha enokuhambisa amayeza kwiindawo ezinzima zomzimba iye yavavanywa kwiimodeli zezilwanyana
Iinaliti sesona sixhobo sibalulekileyo kwi iyeza njengoko ziyimfuneko ekuhambiseni amayeza amaninzi ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Iisirinji kunye neenaliti ezingenanto zanamhlanje bezisetyenziswa ukusukela kumashumi eminyaka ukukhupha ulwelo kunye negazi emzimbeni wethu kwaye zibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi zonyango ezibuthathaka ezifana ne-dialysis. Ukuzama ukujolisa kwizihlunu ezithile ngokusebenzisa inaliti yesiqhelo yesirinji ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye unqunyelwe bubuchule kunye namanqanaba okuchaneka kwabasebenzi bezonyango njengoko le nkqubo ikhokelwa kakhulu yimvakalelo yabo yoxinzelelo kunye nokuchukumisa kuba izicubu zesigulana ngasinye ziva ngokwahlukileyo. . Nangona umonzakalo okanye usulelo kunqabile ukuxelwa kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukudubula komkhuhlane kunokubangela iintlungu ezigqithisileyo kunye nomonakalo wezihlunu. Akukho uyilo olutsha olufakwe kwiinaliti eziqhelekileyo ngokukodwa ngokumalunga nokuchaneka kwazo.
Iinaliti zesiNtu zinzima kwaye zisemngciphekweni ukunika amayeza kwiindawo ezibuthathaka zemizimba yethu isithuba esingasemva kwamehlo ethu. Indawo ye-suprachoroidal (SCS) ephakathi kwe-sclera kunye ne-choroid ngasemva kweliso yindawo enzima kakhulu ukujoliswa kuyo usebenzisa inaliti yesiqhelo ngenxa yokuba inaliti kufuneka ichaneke kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ime emva kokuba idlulile kwi-sclera - ubukhulu bungaphantsi kwe-1 mm - ukuphepha nawuphi na umonakalo kwi-retina. Lo mmandla uthathwa njengobalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni kwamayeza amaninzi. Nakuphi na ukusilela kunokubangela usulelo olukhulu okanye nokuba yimfama. Ezinye iindawo ezinomngeni yindawo ye-peritoneal esiswini kunye nezicubu phakathi kwesikhumba kunye nezihlunu kunye nendawo ye-epidural ejikeleze umqolo apho i-epidural anesthesia inikezelwa ngexesha lokunikezelwa kwelungu lobufazi.
Inaliti entsha evavanya uxinzelelo
Kwiphononongo epapashwe kuyo Ubunjineli Bendalo abaphandi baseBrigham kunye neSibhedlele sabaseTyhini, eU.SA baye bayila inoveli ekrelekrele kwaye ichaneke kakhulu injection ekujoliseni izicubu - ezibizwa ngokuba yi-I2T2 (i-intelligent-injector ye-tissue-targeting). Bajonge ekuphuculeni ukujoliswa kwezicubu ngelixa begcina uyilo lucocekile, lulula kwaye luyasebenza. I I2T2 isixhobo senziwe kusetyenziswa inaliti ye-hypodermic esemgangathweni kunye nezinye iinxalenye zeesirinji ezithengiswa ngokuthengisa kwaye i-I2T2 esebenzayo iqulathe uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwinkqubo yenaliti yesirinji. Yinaliti etyibilikayo enokungena umaleko wangaphandle wethishu, emva koko inokuma ngokuzenzekelayo kujongano lweengqimba ezimbini zethishu kwaye ikhuphe umxholo wesirinji kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo njengoko umsebenzisi etyhala i-syringe plunger.
I-I2T2 iqulathe iplanga yokutyhala, iplanga yenaliti, indawo yokumisa ngoomatshini, ulwelo kunye nenaliti eshukumayo. Inaliti ifakwe kwi-naliti-plunger eyinkxaso ye-sliding evumela ukunyakaza okuchanekileyo kunye ne-axis ye-syringe barrel. Okokuqala, incam yenaliti ifakwe kwithishu kubunzulu obunzulu, kodwa ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuhamba kolwelo ngenaliti. Eli nqanaba libizwa ngokuba 'ukufakwa kwangaphambili'. Umphanda wesirinji ukhusela ukungena okungafunekiyo kwaye inaliti yokutshixa ngomatshini ikhusela umva wenaliti enganqwenelekiyo. Kwinqanaba lesibini elibizwa ngokuba 'yi-tissue penetration', ulwelo lwangaphakathi luba noxinzelelo ngokutyhala iplunger. Amandla okuqhuba asebenza kwinaliti (evumela ukuhamba phambili kwenaliti) yoyisa imikhosi echasayo (echasene nentshukumo yenaliti) kwaye iqhubekisela phambili inaliti nzulu ngaphakathi kwithishu ngelixa umgqomo wesirinji uhlala ungashukumi. La mandla adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwenaliti kunye nokuyeka kwayo okuzenzekelayo. Xa incam yenaliti ingena kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo, ulwelo luqalisa ukuphuma ukuze lucuthe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluya kuthi ke luthobe amandla okuqhuba ngezantsi kuneqela elichasayo kwaye oku kuya kuthi emva koko kumise inaliti kwindawo yojongano lwecango. Ngeli nqanaba lesithathu elibizwa ngokuba 'kunikezelo ekujoliswe kulo' ulwelo lwesirinji luziswa kumngxunya olunokumelana okuphantsi njengoko umsebenzisi etyhala iplunger ngentshukumo enye eqhubekayo. Indawo yenaliti ngoku incanyathiselwe kumngxunya wethishu. Kuba zonke izihlunu zebhayoloji emzimbeni wethu zinoxinaniso olwahlukileyo, inzwa edityanisiweyo kwesi sitofu esikrelekrele siziva ilahleko-yokuxhathisa njengoko sihamba ngezicubu ezithambileyo okanye umngxuma emva koko iyeke ngokuzenzekelayo ukushukuma kwayo xa incam yenaliti ingena kwizicubu ezinikezela ukuxhathisa okuphantsi.
I-I2T2 yavavanywa kwi-extracted izicubu iisampulu kunye neemodeli ezintathu zezilwanyana ezibandakanya iigusha zokuvavanya ukuchaneka konikezelo lwayo kwiindawo ze-suprachoroidal, epidural kunye ne-peritoneal. Inaliti ifumanisa ngokuzenzekelayo naluphi na utshintsho ekuxhathiseni ukuze kunikezelwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo iyeza kwiimvavanyo zangaphambi kweklinikhi. I-injector ithatha isigqibo ngokukhawuleza ukuvumela ukujoliswa kwezicubu eziphuculweyo kunye ne-overshoot encinci kuyo nayiphi na indawo engafunekiyo edlulileyo kwi-tissue ekujoliswe kuyo enokubangela ukulimala. Uphononongo luza kwandiselwa kuvavanyo lweklinikhi yabantu kwaye ke kulingo kwiminyaka elandelayo emi-2-3 ukuvavanya ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwesitofu.
I-I2T2 igcina ubulula obulinganayo kunye neendleko-zokusebenza zeenaliti eziqhelekileyo zesirinji. Inzuzo ephambili ye-I2T2 injector kukuba ibonisa umgangatho ophezulu wokuchaneka kwaye ayixhomeki kwizakhono zabasebenzi abasebenzayo njengoko i-injector inokubona ilahleko yokuchasana xa idibana nezicubu ezithambileyo okanye umngxuma kwaye emva koko iyeke ukuqhubela phambili inaliti kwaye iqala ukuhambisa umthwalo wayo wearhente yonyango kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Isixhobo se-plunger sesirinji sisixhobo esilula somatshini kwaye asidingi zixhobo zombane ezongezelelweyo. I-teknoloji ye-I2T2 i-injector isiteji esitsha sokufezekisa ukujoliswa kwezicubu ezingcono kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye ezinzima emzimbeni. Inaliti ilula kwaye kulula ukuyivelisa ngeendleko eziphantsi. Akukho buchule bongezelelweyo okanye uqeqesho olufunekayo ukuze lusebenze. Itekhnoloji eguquguqukayo enjalo, enovakalelo, eyongayo kwaye esebenziseka lula inokuba thembisa kwizicelo ezininzi zeklinikhi.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Chitnis GD et al. 2019. I-injector ekwazi ukuxhathisa i-mechanical injector yokuhanjiswa okuchanekileyo kolwelo olujoliswe kwi-tissue. Ubunjineli beNdalo yeBiomedical. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0350-2
