I-Astrobiology icebisa ukuba ubomi buninzi kwi yonke kunye neefom ze-microbial zamandulo (ngaphaya komhlaba) zinokufumaneka kwangethuba kuneendlela ezikrelekrele. Ukukhangela ubomi obungaphaya komhlaba kubandakanya ukukhangela utyikityo lwebhayoloji kwindawo yelanga kunye nokukhangela unomathotholo imiqondiso okanye imisayino yobugcisa kwindawo enzulu kakhulu isithuba. Kukho imeko yogxininiso oluhlaziyiweyo ekuphendleni itekhnoloji yobomi kwi yonke.
Ukuba kukho ubomi obungaphaya kobu iplanethi ? Lo mbuzo ubusoloko ubangela umdla kubantu kwaye bekukho uvakalelo oluninzi kunye nengqalelo yemithombo yeendaba extra-eterrestrial iifom zobomi. Kodwa isayensi imi phi? Ngoku sinendawo egcweleyo epheleleyo yezifundo ngeenkwenkwezi ezinikezelwe kuphononongo lwemvelaphi, indaleko, kunye nokusasazwa kobomi yonke.
Kumbuzo Ukuba kukho ubomi ngaphaya komhlaba, kukho ithemba malunga nokuba nokwenzeka kobomi bangaphandle komhlaba (Billings L., 2018). NASA I-telescope ye-Kepler ibonise ukuba ihlabathi elinokuhlalwa lininzi kwi yonke. Zinjalo ke iibhloko zolwakhiwo zobomi kungoko kubonakala kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ubomi bufanele bube bubuninzi yonke.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ngokwenene ukufumana ubukrelekrele obungaphaya komhlaba? Ewe, kukho ukwanda okunokwenzeka ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe (Hirabayashi H. 2019). Ke ngoko kukho imeko yokukhangela ubomi kwenye maplanethi; ubomi obungaphaya komhlaba busenokuba sezakudala okanye buntsonkothile yaye bukrelekrele. Uqikelelo lucebisa ukuba kukho amathuba okuba uphumelele kukhangelo lobomi bamandulo kunendlela obukrelekrele (Lingam noLoeb, 2019). Ukucinga okuphambili kwi ngeenkwenkwezi kukuba "uqhagamshelwano lokuqala" kunye nobomi obungaphezulu komhlaba bunokuba bubomi be-microbial kwenye indawo (Billings L., 2018).
Siziphengulula njani? Ukukhangela ubomi kwi yonke okwangoku ibandakanya iindlela ezimbini - khangela i-biosignatures (amaqoqo yebhayoloji) ngaphakathi nakwizijikelezi-langa zesixokelelwano selanga kunye unomathotholo ukukhangela itekhnoloji (iisignitsha zobomi obuphambili kunye neteknoloji) ekhutshwa kwimithombo ekude nelanga kwisixokelelwano selanga Galaxy nangaphaya. Iiprojekthi ezifana mars kunye nabemi baseYurophu, Itheyibhuli yendawo kaJames Webb zijolise ekukhangeleni imisayino yebhayoloji kwisixokelelwano selanga esikufutshane ngelixa Ii-NASA's I-SETI (Khangela kwi-Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) inkqubo kunye neprojekthi yeBreakthrough Listen (BL) yimizekelo yokukhangela imisayino yobugcisa ngokunzulu kakhulu. isithuba.
Zombini ezi ndlela zibonelela ngeengenelo kodwa ukhangelo lweetekhnoloji lubonakala luxhasa ukhangelo lwebhayoloji kodwa lwandisa uphendlo ukusuka kwindawo yelanga ukuya nzulu ngaphakathi. yonke kungena iindidi.
Ukukhangela itekhnoloji ebandakanya ukuqhelaniswa, ukurekhodwa kunye nohlalutyo lwemiqondiso yerediyo okanye ugqabhuko oluphuma kubunzulu. isithuba iza ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu (ukukhangela i-vis usayino lwebhayoloji),. umzekelo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka lwe Ii-NASA's Inkqubo ye-SETI ibimalunga ne-10 lezigidi zeedola. Uninzi lwe isithuba inokujoliswa kwaye ikhangelwe imiqondiso yerediyo enomxholo oqinileyo wolwazi, ubhaqo olomeleleyo kunye nokutolika. Ngaphaya koko, ukhangelo lukanomathotholo lunemvelaphi yenzululwazi esekiweyo kunye nomxholo.
Ityala lokukhangela itekhnoloji yenzelwe ukuba umthamo wokukhangela owenziwe isampuli ukuza kuthi ga ngoku uphantsi kakhulu. Umthamo wokukhangela unokwandiswa kungekudala kwixesha elizayo. Oku kuya kufuna ufikelelo olongeziweyo kwiiteleskopu zikanomathotholo, izibonelelo, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwenkqubo yendalo yophando kunye nokuhambisana nehardware kunye nenkqubo yesoftware (uMargot et al 2019).
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Inqaku lomhleli:
UGqr Jean-Luc Margot ovela e-UCLA uye wacebisa I-NASA ayinayo inkqubo ye-SETI. Ayikhange ibenayo inkqubo ye-SETI ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25. Nceda uqwalasele isiluleko.'
Singathanda ukongeza ukuba inkqubo ye-NASA ye-SETI yarhoxiswa ngo-1993. Ngelo xesha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka lwenkqubo ye-SETI lwalumalunga ne-10 lezigidi zeedola.
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Umthombo (s)
1. Margot J et al 2019. Ukhangelo lukanomathotholo lweetekhnoloji kwiminyaka elishumi ka-2020-2030. I-Pre-Print arXiv:1903.05544 ingeniswe nge-(13 Mar 2019). https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05544
2. Billings L., 2018. Ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya kwindalo iphela: Ubomi, ubukrelekrele, kunye ne-Evolution. Ithiyori yebhayoloji. 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-017-0266-6
3. I-Hirabayashi H. 2019. I-SETI (Khangela kwi-Intelligence Extraterrestrial). I-Astrobiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3639-3_30
4. ULingam M kunye noLoeb A 2019. Ubunokwenzeka obunxulumeneyo beMpumelelo kuPhando loBomi baPhakamileyo ngokuchasene noBukrelekrele bokwaNgaphandle koMhlaba. I-Astrobiology. 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1936
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