UJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST): Indawo yokuQala yokuQala yeNdawo yokuQala yeNdawo yokuQala

I-James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) iza kugxila ngokukodwa kwi-infrared astronomy ukuze ifunde indalo yakudala . Iza kukhangela imiqondiso ye-optical/infrared evela kwiinkwenkwezi zokuqala kunye neegalaksi ezenziwe kwiNdalo iphela emva nje kweBig Bang ukuze iqonde ngcono ukwakheka kunye nokuguquka kweegalaksi kunye nokwakheka kweenkwenkwezi kunye neenkqubo zeeplanethi . I-JWST iza kufunda neenkqubo zeeplanethi kunye nemvelaphi yobomi. I -JWST elindelwe kakhulu ngoku icwangciselwe ukuqaliswa nge-18 kaDisemba 2021.

Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu ugxila kwiteleskopu kwindawo ajonge kuyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ugxila ngabom kwinto engekhoyo kwaye oko kutshintsha indlela yesifundo. Isigqibo sokugxininisa iteleskopu yesithuba iHubble kwinto engekhoyo kwiindawo ezingakhange zihlolwe esibhakabhakeni yayiyenye yeziganeko ezatshintsha indlela yesayensi yeenkwenkwezi.

Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo eziphunyezwe yiHubble Space Telescope (HST), imifanekiso ye-deep field ethathwe kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngo-1995 xa yathabatha imifanekiso emalunga nama-3000 yeegalaksi kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuvela kweenkwenkwezi iye yatshintsha indlela esiqonda ngayo indalo iphela.

Le mifanekiso yentsimi enzulu yenziwe kukukhanya okwakuhambe ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude zendalo yonke kangangeebhiliyoni zeminyaka yokukhanya kwindalo yonke eyandayo kwaye kwafika eMhlabeni ngoku ukuze kuthathwe yiteleskopu yeHubble emva kokuba ivele kwiinkwenkwezi zokuqala kunye neegalaksi ezadalwa kungekudala emva kweBig Bang malunga ne-13 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngoko ke, imifanekiso yentsimi enzulu yayibonisa iinkwenkwezi zokuqala kunye neegalaksi njengoko zazinjalo ngelo xesha kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Le yayiyinto emangalisayo ngokwenene.

Kodwa, le ndlela yokubamba imiqondiso yokuqala ye-optical yokuphuhlisa ukuqonda kwendalo yakuqala ayinakuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo sendlela yokusebenza ngenxa yenyani eyafunyanwa ngo-1929 ngu-Edwin Hubble yokuba indalo iyanda kwaye zonke iigalaksi ziyahamba zisuka kwenye kwenye njengoko kungqinwa kukutshintsha okubomvu kwe- spectrum yegalaksi ukuya kumaza aphezulu kummandla we-infrared (IR). Kodwa iteleskopu yeHubble ixhotyiswe ukujonga kummandla we-UV, obonakalayo nokufutshane ne-infrared yiyo loo nto kufuneka indawo yokujonga i - infrared ekhethekileyo esibhakabhakeni.

Ngoko ke iJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) ilandela iHubble space telescope (HST) ngengqiqo yokuba iJames Webb telescope ijonge ukuqhubela phambili ilifa leHubble telescope kwicandelo lokufunda ngendalo yakudala . I-JWST iza kusebenza kuphela kwi-infrared astronomy kwaye ineenjongo ezine eziphambili ezilandelayo:

Ngenxa yezi zizathu, i-JWST kwakufuneka yahluke kwi- telescope yeHubble kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Yitelescope ebonakalisayo eyenzelwe ukubamba imisebe ye-infrared ekufutshane ne-infrared evela kwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu kunye nesipili esikhulu se-origami esenza ukuba ibe namandla aphindwe kalikhulu kuneHubble . Enyanisweni, i-JWST yeyona telescope inkulu yesithuba . Ukuze igcine uvakalelo lwayo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto, i-JWST ikhuselekile ekungcolisweni yi-infrared elangeni ngokusebenzisa isikhuselo selanga esisebenza kakuhle esineengqimba ezi-5. Ngaphezu koko, ukunceda ukugcina ubushushu bayo obuphantsi kakhulu be-50 Kelvin (-223° C okanye -370° F), i-JWST iya kubekwa kwindawo ejikeleze ilanga kwisithunzi esibandayo soMhlaba ngalo lonke ixesha kufutshane nenqaku lesibini leLagrange (L2) lenkqubo yoMhlaba neLanga kumgama omalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka eMhlabeni.

Ukubekwa kwe- JWST kufutshane nenkqubo yeLanga-uMhlaba i-L2 orbit kuthetha ukuba, ngokungafaniyo neteleskopu yeHubble efumene ukulungiswa okuliqela kunye nokugcinwa kwindawo , i -JWST iya kuba yodwa ngokupheleleyo emva kokuqaliswa kwayo ngoko ke akukho mpazamo konke konke. Mhlawumbi oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba ukuqaliswa kwe- JWST kuphantse kube lixesha elide.

Ngoku, i-JWST icwangciselwe ukuqaliswa ngomhla we-18 kweyoMnga 2021.

Ukususela ngomhla wesi-02 kweyeNkanga ngo-2021, i-JWST sele ifikile ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yayo yokuqalisa eFrench Guiana kwaye iqela lobuchwephesha lilungiselela ukukhwela nge-18 kaDisemba.

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Imithombo:  

1. NASA 2021. Iteleskopu yeWebb-iNdlela yokuQaliswa naNgaphaya kweNASA kaJames Webb isithuba Isibonakude. Ithunyelwe nge-02 Novemba 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/the-road-to-launch-and-beyond-for-nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope  

2. NASA. I-JWST-Imibuzo ngokubanzi malunga neWebb. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/about/faqs/faq.html  

3. NASA. I-JWST-Iinyaniso eziphambili. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/features/keyFactsInternational/ 

1. ESA. Inzululwazi noPhononongo. Webb-Ukubona ngakumbi. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Webb 

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