Uqwalaselo lweNdawo enzulu kaJames Webb: Amaqela amabini oPhando ukuze afunde iGalaxi yamandulo  

I-James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) , i -space observatory eyenzelwe ukuqhuba i-infrared astronomy kwaye yaqaliswa ngempumelelo ngomhla wama-25 kweyoMnga ngo-2021, iza kuvumela amaqela amabini ophando ukuba afunde i-galaxies zokuqala kwindalo iphela . Amaqela ophando aza kusebenzisa izixhobo ezinamandla ze -JWST (i-NIRISS, i-NIRCam kunye ne-NIRSpec) ukubamba nokuchonga ezinye ze-galaxies zokuqala.

Uphando lweNext Generation Deep Exploratory Public (NGDEEP) luza kujolisa kwiHubble Ultra Deep Field ngokukhomba iNear-Infrared Imager kunye neSlitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) yeteleskopu kwiHubble Ultra Deep Field yokuqala kunye neNear-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) kwindawo ehambelanayo. Ezi zixhobo zimbini iNIRISS kunye neNIRCam ziya kubamba ukukhanya kwe-infrared (okutshintshiweyo bomvu ngenxa yokwanda kwendalo ). Idatha iya kukhutshwa ngoko nangoko ukuze kuzuze abaphandi.

Iqela le-NGDEEP liza kuchonga izinto zesinyithi kwiigalaksi zokuqala, ingakumbi kwezincinci nezimnyama, ezingakhange zifundwe kakuhle okwangoku. Uphononongo lwezinto zesinyithi kwiigalaksi yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulandelela indaleko kwixesha lendalo yonke. Kwakukho ihydrogen kunye ne-helium kuphela ekuqaleni kwendalo yonke . Izinto ezintsha zenziwa zizizukulwana ezilandelelanayo zeenkwenkwezi . Uphononongo lwezinto zesinyithi kwiigalaksi kuza kunceda ukucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zazikho nini izinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye kuhlaziywe iimodeli ezibonisa indlela iigalaksi ezavela ngayo kwindalo yonke yokuqala.

Elinye iqela lophando liza kuhlola iHubble Ultra Deep Field eyintloko lisebenzisa i-microshutter array ngaphakathi kwe-telescope's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec). Oku kuza kubonelela ngesampulu yokuqala enkulu yeegalaksi zokuqala ezazikho kwindalo yonke yakudala, nto leyo eza kuvumela abaphandi ukuba baziqonde ngokweenkcukacha.

Ibali lokufunda ngendalo yamandulo laqala ngo-1995 ngesigqibo sokugxila kwiHubble Space Telescope (HST) kwinto engenanto kwintsimi engakhange ihlolwe esibhakabhakeni. IHubble yathatha imifanekiso emalunga nama-3000 yeenkwenkwezi ezikwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuvela kweenkwenkwezi. Eyaziwa kakhulu njengeHubble Deep Field, le mifanekiso yayiyimifanekiso yokuqala yeenkwenkwezi zakuqala kwaye yaguqula intsimi yeenkwenkwezi.

Njengomlandeli weteleskopu yesithuba iHubble (HST), iJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) iqhubela phambili ilifa leteleskopu iHubble kwicandelo lokufunda ngendalo yamandulo . Iteleskopu yeWebb ijolise ekukhangeleni ukukhanya kwiinkwenkwezi zokuqala kunye neegalaksi ezadalwa kwiNdalo iphela emva kweBig Bang ukuze ifunde ukwakheka kunye nokuguquka kweegalaksi, ukuqonda ukwakheka kweenkwenkwezi kunye neenkqubo zeeplanethi kunye nokufunda iinkqubo zeeplanethi kunye nemvelaphi yobomi.

Indalo yonke yakudala kwiminyaka engamakhulu ezigidi emva kwe-big bang yayiyindawo eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Yayingacacanga kangako. Kulapho ke i-galaxy yokuqala kwindalo yonke yayiqala ukwakheka khona. I-galaxy ezininzi ezikude zibonwe ziiteleskopu kodwa azibonwanga ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-400 ezigidi emva kwe-big bang. Yayinjani i-galaxy eyayikho kwanangaphambili? Amaqela amabini ophando akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla aza kuphendula oku ngokutyhila iinkcukacha zezahluko zokuqala zokuvela kwe-galaxy.

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Imithombo:  

1. I-NASA 2022. I-Webb ye-NASA yokutyhila uButyebi beNdalo yamandulo, ipapashwe nge-22 Juni 2022. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2022/news-2022-015.html Kufumaneka kwi-23 Juni 2022. 

2. Prasad U., 2021. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): I-First Space Observatory enikezelwe kwiSifundo se-Early Universe. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ipapashwe nge-6 Novemba 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/space/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-the-first-space-observatory-dedicated-to-the-study-of-early-universe/

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