UJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST), i isithuba indawo yokujonga eyilelwe ukuqhuba i-infrared astronomy kwaye yasungulwa ngempumelelo nge-25 kaDisemba 2021 iya kwenza amaqela amabini ophando ukuba afunde ngeminyele yamandulo yonke. Amaqela ophando aya kusebenzisa IJWSTizixhobo ezinamandla (i-NIRISS, i-NIRCam kunye ne-NIRSpec) ukubamba kunye nokuphawula eminye yeminyele yamandulo.
Uvavanyo loPhando lweSizukulwana esiNexhelekileyo soPhando lweNzululwazi oluNzululwazi (NGDEEP) luya kujolisa Hubble I-Ultra Deep Field ngokukhomba i-telescope's Near-Infrared Imager kunye neSlitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) kwindawo yokuqala. Hubble I-Ultra Deep Field kunye ne-Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) kwibala elihambelanayo. Izixhobo ezibini i-NIRISS kunye ne-NIRCam ziya kubamba ukukhanya kwe-infrared (i-redshifted ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-infrared yonke). Idatha iya kukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuzuze abaphandi.
Iqela le-NGDEEP liya kuphinda lichonge izinto zentsimbi kwiminyele yokuqala ngakumbi kwiminyele emincinci kunye nezimnyama ezingekafundi ngokucokisekileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Uphononongo lwemixholo yesinyithi kwiminyele yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulandela indaleko kulo lonke ixesha le-cosmic. Kwakukho i-hydrogen kunye ne-helium kuphela ekuqaleni yonke. Iziqalelo ezintsha zenziwa zizizukulwana ezilandelelanayo ze iinkwenkwezi. Ukufunda imixholo yesinyithi yeminyele kuya kunceda ukucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo xa izinto ezahlukeneyo zazikho kunye nokuhlaziya iimodeli ezibonisa indlela iminyele eyavela ngayo ekuqaleni. yonke.
Elinye iqela lophando liya kuphonononga eyokuqala Hubble I-Ultra Deep Field isebenzisa uluhlu lwe-microshutter ngaphakathi kwe-telescope's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec). Oku kuya kubonelela ngesampulu yokuqala enkulu yeminyele yokuqala eyayikho ekuqaleni yonke eyenza abaphandi baziqonde ngokweenkcukacha.
Ibali lokufunda le indalo yokuqala yaqala ngo-1995 ngesigqibo sokugxila Hubble isithuba Iteleskopu (HST) engenanto kwintsimi engekaphononongwa kude kube ngoku esibhakabhakeni. Hubble ithathe malunga nemifanekiso engama-3000 yeminyele kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo endaleko yeenkwenkwezi. Yaziwa ngcono njenge Hubble I-Deep Field, le mifanekiso yayiyimifanekiso yokuqala yeminyele yokuqala kwaye yaguqula intsimi ye-astronomy.
Njengomlandeli we Hubble isithuba iteleskopu (HST), UJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) iqhubela phambili i Hubble ilifa leteleskopu kwindawo yokufunda kwangethuba yonke. I-Webb telescope ijolise ekukhangeleni ukukhanya ukusuka ekuqaleni iinkwenkwezi kunye neminyele eyakha kwi Ehlabathini emva kweBig Bang ukufunda ukubunjwa kunye nokuvela kweminyele, ukuqonda ukubunjwa kwe iinkwenkwezi kwaye planari iinkqubo kunye nokufunda planari iinkqubo kunye nemvelaphi yobomi.
Owokuqala yonke kwiminyaka engamakhulu aliqela ezigidi zokuqala emva kogqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu yaba yindawo eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ibiyi-semi-opaque. Eli lixesha leminyele yokuqala kwi yonke zaziqala ukumila. Iminyele emininzi ekude ibonwe ziiteleskopu kodwa akukho namnye ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-400 ezigidi emva kogqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu. Yayinjani iminyele eyayikho kwangaphambilana? Oku kukhankanywe ngasentla, amaqela amabini ophando aya kuphendula oku nje ngokutyhila iinkcukacha zezahluko zokuqala ze Galaxy indaleko.
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Imithombo:
- I-NASA 2022. I-Webb ye-NASA yokutyhila uButyebi beNdalo yamandulo, ipapashwe nge-22 Juni 2022. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2022/news-2022-015.html Kufumaneka kwi-23 Juni 2022.
- Prasad U., 2021. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): I-First Space Observatory enikezelwe kwiSifundo se-Early Universe. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ipapashwe nge-6 Novemba 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/space/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-the-first-space-observatory-dedicated-to-the-study-of-early-universe/
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