I-Supernova SN 1181 yabonwa ngeso lenyama eJapan naseChina kwiminyaka eyi-843 eyadlulayo kwi-1181 CE. Nangona kunjalo, intsalela yayo ayikwazanga ukuchongwa ixesha elide. Ngo-2021, i-nebula Pa 30 emi ngakwikroza leCassiopeia yachongwa kunye ne-supernova SN 1181. Inkwenkwezi emhlophe qhwa kumbindi we-Pa 30 nebula, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiParker's star, yintsalela yesiganeko se-supernova esiye saba sisiphumo sokudityaniswa ezimbini ezimhlophe. Lo mcimbi we-supernova wawunqabile kwaye uhlelwa njenge-SN Type Iax. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba intsalela yale supernova iphinda ihlangane kwakhona eyaqala kutshanje malunga ne-1990.
Umhlaba neLanga aziyi kuhlala zinjalo ngonaphakade. Umhlaba uya kuhlala ukho eminye iminyaka eyi-4 yezigidigidi de iLanga lingene kwinqanaba layo lokugqibela (ngaphandle kweentlekele ezenziwe ngabantu okanye zendalo njengemfazwe yenyukliya, asteroid, ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lwentaba-mlilo, njl.njl).
Ilanga yinkwenkwezi eqhelekileyo, eselula ngokwentelekiso kumnyele wasekhaya. Njengazo zonke iinkwenkwezi, iLanga nayo inekhosi yobomi-yazalwa malunga ne-4.6 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye iya kufa kwixesha elizayo. Kwiminyaka emalunga ne-4 yeebhiliyoni ukususela ngoku, iya kuphelelwa yi-hydrogen eyenza umxube wenyukliya kumbindi wayo wokuvelisa amandla xa kuqala ukuwa komxhuzulane. Uxinzelelo olongeziweyo ngenxa yokuwa okungundoqo kuya kuvusa udibaniso lwenyukliya yezinto ezinzima kumbindi. Ngenxa yoko, ubushushu beLanga buya kunyuka, kwaye umaleko wangaphandle womoya welanga uya kwanda kude kwindawo kwaye ugubungele iiplanethi ezikufutshane kubandakanya uMhlaba. Eli nqanaba libomvu liya kuqhubeka malunga nebhiliyoni yonyaka. Ekugqibeleni, iLanga liza kudilika libe ngumbala omhlophe.
Ngokungafaniyo nendlela iLanga eliza kufa ngayo kwixesha elizayo, inqanaba lokugqibela leenkwenkwezi ezinkulu sisiganeko seenkwenkwezi. Xa iinkwenkwezi ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwemitha yelanga ezisi-8 ziphelelwa ngamafutha okudibanisa inyukliya kwaye zingakwazi ukuvelisa amandla aneleyo ukuze zimelane nomxhuzulane owomeleleyo wangaphakathi, undoqo wazo uyawohloka ngexeshana elifutshane. I-implosion idala amaza othusayo amakhulu kunye nesiganeko esinamandla esikhanyayo esidlulayo esibizwa ngokuba supernova kunye nesiphumo se-compact remanent (i-supernova remanent iya kuba yinkwenkwezi ye-neutron ukuba ubunzima yenkwenkwezi yasekuqaleni buphakathi kwe-8 ukuya kwi-20 ubunzima belanga. Umngxunya omnyama).
I-Supernovae kusenokuvuswa kukuvuselwa kwakhona ngequbuliso komxube wenyukliya kwindawo emhlophe xa ubushushu bayo bunyuswe ngokwaneleyo ukuze buqalise ukuxubana kwenyukliya. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokudityaniswa nenye intshontsho emhlophe okanye ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwemathiriyeli evela kumlingane wokubini.
ISupernova SN 1181
Kumawaka amabini eminyaka edlulileyo, iziganeko ezilithoba eziqaqambileyo zeenkwenkwezi (i-supernova) ziye zabonwa kumnyele wasekhaya iMilky Way. Esinye isiganeko esinamandla ngolo hlobo sabonwa saza sabhalwa eJapan naseTshayina malunga neminyaka engama-843 eyadlulayo ngowe-1181 CE. "INkwenkwezi yeeNdwendwe" yabonakala kwiintsuku ze-185 ukusuka kwi-6 Agasti 1181 ukuya kwi-6 ngoFebruwari 1182. Oku kwabizwa ngokuba yi-Supernova 1181 (SN1181) nangona kunjalo, ukuchongwa kwe-remanent yayo akuzange kuqinisekiswe kude kube kutshanje.
Ukuchongwa kweSupernova Remanent SNR 1181
Isetyhula ye-infrared emission nebula yafunyanwa kwindawo yogcino lwedatha yeNASA ngo-2013 yisazi ngeenkwenkwezi esingenamali uDana Patchick owathi yi-nebula Pa 30. Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezichwepheshile ziye zabona indawana emdaka ekhutshwa yi-diffuse emission kodwa ayizange ifumane kukhutshwa yihydrogen. A incinci enkulu (WD) inkwenkwezi yafunyanwa ngaphakathi kwiqokobhe le-infrared kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ngo-2019 eyayibonisa iipropathi ezizodwa kwaye kwakucingelwa ukuba zenziwa ngenxa yokudityaniswa kweCarbon-Oxygen white dwarf (CO WD) kunye ne-Oxygen-Neon white dwarf (ENYE WD). Ukudityaniswa kwaba bamhlophe ababini kubangele isiganeko se-supernova. Emva koko, ngo-2021, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-nebula Pa 30 ibonise imigca yokukhupha isulfure kunye nesantya sokwandiswa kwe-1100 km / sec. Ubudala bayo buqikelelwe ukuba bumalunga ne-1000 leminyaka kwaye yafunyanwa ibekwe kwindawo apho 'inkwenkwezi yondwendwe' yabonwa khona ngo-1181 CE. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zikhokelele ekuchongweni kwePa 30 nebula emi ngakwikroza leCassiopeia enesupernova eyabonwa kwiinkulungwane ezisibhozo ezidlulileyo. Inkwenkwezi emhlophe emhlophe embindini we-Pa 30 nebula, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yinkwenkwezi yeParker yintsalela yesiganeko se-supernova SN1181 kwaye isiganeko sihlelwa njenge-SN Type Iax. Ubungqina obuvela kuphononongo lwamva olwapapashwa ngo-2023 luxhasa oku kufunyenwe ngasentla.
Umoya ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu uqalise ukuvuthuza kutshanje emva konyaka we-1990
Intsalela ye-SNR 1181 yenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwamancinci amabini amhlophe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa amantshontsho amabini amhlophe edibana, ayagqabhuka aze aphele. Nangona kunjalo, oku kudityaniswa kwadala uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-supernova ebizwa ngokuba yi-Type Iax kwaye yashiya ngasemva enye, ingqayi emhlophe ejikeleza ngokukhawuleza. Iingqawa ezimhlophe ezijikelezayo zikhupha amasuntswana aqukuqelayo (abizwa ngokuba ngumoya weenkwenkwezi) ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela kwawo. Kule meko, inkwenkwezi esembindini ye-P 30 nebula ibonisa iifilaments ezininzi ezidibana kufuphi neenkwenkwezi ezisembindini ngenxa yomoya okhawulezayo we-stellar ovuthuza phezu kweqokobhe le-supernova ejecta. Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zabona ummandla wokothuko wangaphandle kunye nommandla womothuko wangaphakathi kwi-SNR 1181.
Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, abaphandi bahlalutya idatha ye-X-reyi yamva nje kwaye baphuhlisa imodeli ebonisa ukuba ubungakanani obubonwayo bommandla womothuko wangaphakathi abuhambelani nobungakanani obulindelweyo ukuba umoya weenkwenkwezi uqalise ukuvuthuza kungekudala emva kokusekwa kwentsalela. Ngokwemodeli yabo yekhompyuter, ubungakanani obujongwe bommandla womothuko wangaphakathi bubonisa ukuba umoya ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu uqalise ukuvuthuza kutshanje emva konyaka we-1990. Oku kuyamangalisa. Oku kusenokuba kwenzekile ngenxa yokuba enye i-supernova ejecta iye yabuyela kumphezulu omde omhlophe kamva onyuse ubushushu noxinzelelo ngaphaya komqobo ukuvumela ukuqala kokusabela kwe-thermonuclear kunye nokutshisa kuqale kwakhona. Abaphandi ngoku basebenzela ukuqinisekiswa kwemodeli.
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Iingxelo:
- URitter A., okqhubekayo 2021. Intsalela kunye neMvelaphi ye-Historical Supernova 1181 AD. Iileta zeJenali ye-Astrophysical. 918 (2): L33. i-arXiv: 2105.12384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2253
- Schaefer BE, 2023. Indlela esuka kwingqwalasela yaseTshayina kunye neJapan ye-supernova 1181 AD, ukuya kwi-Type Iax supernova, ekudityanisweni kwe-CO kunye ne-ONE dwarfs emhlophe. Izaziso zeNyanga zeRoyal Astronomical Society, uMqulu 523, iNkupho yesi-3, ka-Agasti 2023, amaphepha 3885–3904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad717 . Ushicilelo lwangaphambili i-arXiv: 2301.04807
- Takatoshi Ko, okqhubekayo 2024. "Imodeli eguquguqukayo ye-IRAS 00500 + 6713: intsalela yohlobo lwe-Iax supernova SN 1181 ibamba imveliso edityanisiweyo ephindwe kabini ye-WD J005311," I-Astrophysical Journal: Julayi 5, 2024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad4d99
- IYunivesithi yaseTokyo. Ukukhutshwa kweendaba-Umoya omtsha uvuthuza kwi-supernova yembali. Ithunyelwe nge-5 kaJulayi 2024. Ifumaneka e https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/press/z0508_00361.html
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