I-Space Biomining: Ukungeniswa ekuHlaleni koLuntu ngaPhaya koMhlaba

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-BioRock zibonisa ukuba imigodi exhaswa yibhaktheriya inokuqhutywa kwi isithuba. Ukulandela impumelelo yophononongo lwe-BioRock, uvavanyo lwe-BioAsteroid luyaqhubeka ngoku. Kolu phononongo, iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi zikhuliswa kwi-asteroidal material kwi-incubator phantsi kwemeko ye-microgravity. isithuba kwisikhululo ukuze kufundwe ukwenziwa kwebhayofilm, i-bioleaching kunye nolunye utshintsho lweekhemikhali kunye nebhayoloji kubandakanywa utshintsho lwemfuzo olushicilelweyo. isithuba i-biomining kukufumanisa okubalulekileyo okubonakala kunamandla amakhulu ukuya phambili.

umntu iindawo zokuhlala ngaphaya umhlaba on inyanga Okanye kwi maplanethi ezifana mars in isithuba kudala ingumxholo wentsomi yenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, iingcinga ezinzulu kunye nemisebenzi yophando malunga noku ibiqhubeka kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Omnye wemibuzo ephambili phambi koluntu lwezenzululwazi ibe yindlela yokufumana izinto (ezifana neoksijini, amanzi, izixhobo zokwakha ezibandakanya isinyithi kunye neeminerali njl.njl.) ezifunekayo ukuseka ubukho bokuzimela isithuba ⁽¹⁾.  

I-biomining, okt, ukukhupha isinyithi kwi-ore ngokusebenzisa bio-catalysis Ukusebenzisa ii-microorganisms ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye ne-archaea isetyenziswa ixesha elide iplanethi umhlaba. Okwangoku, le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukukhupha iisulfide zobhedu kunye nokucofa iintsimbi zegolide kwangaphambili kunye nokukhupha isinyithi kwi-ores ene-oxidised kunye nokubuyisela isinyithi kwinkunkuma. ⁽²⁾.   

Ngaba ubuchule be-biomining bunokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ze-microgravity ngaphandle isithuba ukutsala imathiriyeli efunekayo umntu iindawo zokuhlala? Ngaba ii-microorganisms zinokunceda ukukhupha isinyithi kunye nezixhobo usebenzisa izinto ze-asteroid okanye amatye akhoyo inyanga or mars? Ulwazi lwe-microbe-mineral interactions kwi isithuba ikwabonwa ibalulekile ngenxa yesakhono sawo ekubunjweni komhlaba, ukubunjwa kwe biocrusts kuxinaniso oluvaliweyo zithuba, ukusetyenziswa kwe-regolith (uluhlu lwezinto eziqinileyo phezu kweebhedi) kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto zokwakha. isithuba imifuniselo ye-biomining yayiyilwe kanye ngezi zizathu ukuqonda iziphumo zomxhuzulane otshintshileyo.  

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eYurophu isithuba I-Arhente iqhube uvavanyo lwe-BioRock kwi-International isithuba Isitishi (ISS) ngo-2019. Iimvavanyo zenzelwe ukufunda i-bioleaching enqabileyo-mhlabeni izinto ezivela kwilitye le-basaltic kwiimeko ezintathu zobunzima obufanayo. microgravity, efanisiweyo mars umxhuzulane kunye nokulinganisa umhlaba umxhuzulane. Iintlobo ezintathu zebhaktiriya, Sphingomonas desiccabilis, I-Bacillus subtilis, yaye Cupriavidus metallidurans zisetyenziswe kwisifundo. I-hypothesis yavavanywa ukuba "iirejimeni zomxhuzulane ezahlukeneyo zinokuphembelela ugxininiso lweeseli lokugqibela oluphunyeziweyo emva kwexesha leeveki ezininzi esithubeni''. Iziphumo zacebisa ukuba akukho siphumo sibalulekileyo seemeko ezahlukeneyo zomxhuzulane kubalo lokugqibela lweeseli zebhaktiriya ezithetha ukuba ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwenkqubo yokucoca kuhlala kunjalo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobunzima. Ezi ziphumo zovavanyo lwe-BioRock zibonisa ukuba umgodi oxhaswa yibhaktiriya unokuqhutywa esithubeni. I-Space biomining kukufumanisa okubalulekileyo okubonakala ngathi kunamandla amakhulu ukuya phambili ^(3,4).  

Ukulandela impumelelo yophononongo lwe-BioRock, uvavanyo lwe-BioAsteroid luyaqhubeka ngoku. Kolu phononongo, iibhaktheriya kunye nomngundo zikhuliswa kwi-asteroidal imathiriyeli kwi-incubator phantsi kwemeko ye-microgravity yesikhululo sasemajukujukwini ukuze kufundwe ukwenziwa kwe-biofilm, i-bioleaching kunye nolunye utshintsho lweekhemikhali kunye nebhayoloji kubandakanywa utshintsho lwemfuzo⁽⁵⁾.  

Ngala matye okunyathela, uluntu ngokuqinisekileyo luya phambili umntu iindawo zokuhlala ngaphaya iplanethi umhlaba.

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Iingxelo:

1. NASA 2007. Ingxelo yeLunar Regolith Biomining Workshop. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10547528.pdf  

2. Johnson DB., 2014. I-Biomining - i-biotechnologies yokukhupha kunye nokubuyisela isinyithi kwi-ores kunye nenkunkuma. Uluvo lwangoku kwiBiotechnology. Umqulu 30, Disemba 2014, iphepha 24-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2014.04.008  

3. Cockell, CS, Santomartino, R., Finster, K. et al., 2020. Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji yesitishi sasemajukujukwini lubonisa ukutsalwa kwento enqabileyo yomhlaba kwimicrogravity kunye nomxhuzulane weMars. Ipapashwe: 10 Novemba 2020. Unxibelelwano lweNdalo 11, 5523 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19276-w 

4. Santomartino R., Waajen A., et al 2020. Akukho siphumo seMicrogravity kunye ne-Simulated Mars Gravity kwi-Final Bacterial Cell Concentrations kwi-International Space Station: Izicelo kwi-Space Bioproduction. Imida kwiMicrobiology., 14 Okthobha 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.579156  

5. I-UK Space Agency 2020. Ukukhutshwa kweendaba - Isifundo se-Biomining sinokuvula iindawo zokuhlala ezizayo kwamanye amazwe. Ipapashwe nge-5 kaDisemba 2020. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.gov.uk/government/news/biomining-study-could-unlock-future-settlements-on-other-worlds 

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