Iiflares ezivela kwiSupermassive Binary Black Hole OJ 287 zibeka umqobo “kwiTheorem yeNwele”

Ii-NASA's I-infra-red observatory iSpitzer isandula ukubona ukudangala kokubini okukhulu Umngxunya omnyama Inkqubo ye-OJ 287, ngaphakathi kwexesha eliqikelelweyo eliqikelelweyo yimodeli ephuhliswe zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Olu qwalaselo luye lwavavanya imiba eyahlukeneyo ye-General Relativity, i-"No-hair theorem", kwaye yabonisa ukuba i-OJ 287 ngokwenene ingumthombo we-infra-red. Amaza oMxhuzulane.

The OJ287 Galaxy, emi kwikroza leCancer kwi-3.5 billion light years kude noMhlaba, inamabini imingxunya emnyama – eyona inkulu inamaxesha angaphezu kwe-18 yeebhiliyoni Bunzima yeLanga kunye nokujikeleza oku kuncinci Umngxunya omnyama malunga nezigidi ezili-150 ngokuphindwe kabini kwilanga Bunzima, kwaye benza ibhinary Umngxunya omnyama inkqubo. Ngelixa ujikeleza enkulu, encinci Umngxunya omnyama yantlitheka kwidiski enkulu yokwanda kwerhasi kunye nothuli olujikeleze iqabane layo elikhulu, idala ilitha lokukhanya eliqaqambe ngaphezu kwetriliyoni. iinkwenkwezi.

Incinci Umngxunya omnyama ingqubana nediski yokunyuswa kweyona inkulu kabini kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-oblong yayo engaqhelekanga ukuhamba (ebizwa ngokuba yi-quasi-Keplarian kwisigama semathematika, njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi), ama-flare angavela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo - ngamanye amaxesha angaphantsi konyaka omnye; ngamanye amaxesha, ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-10 ngokwahlukeneyo (1). Iinzame ezininzi ukwenza imodeli ukuhamba kunye nokuqikelela ukuba kuyakwenzeka nini ukuvutha akuphumelelanga de kwaba ngo-2010, xa izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zenza imodeli enokuthi iqikelele ukwenzeka kwazo ngempazamo emalunga neveki enye ukuya kwezintathu. Ukuchaneka kwemodeli kubonakaliswe ngokuxela kwangaphambili ukubonakala komlilo ngoDisemba 2015 ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu.

Olunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo oluye lwangena ekwenziweni kwethiyori eyimpumelelo yokubini Umngxunya omnyama inkqubo OJ 287 yinto yokuba supermassive imingxunya emnyama ingaba yimithombo ye amaza omxhuzulane – ethe yasekwa emva kovavanyo loqwalaselo lwe amaza omxhuzulane ngo-2016, iveliswe ngexesha lokudityaniswa kwe-supermassive ezimbini imingxunya emnyama. I-OJ 287 iqikelelwe ukuba ngumthombo we-infra-red amaza omxhuzulane (2).

Ngo-2018, iqela lee-astrophysicists libonelele ngemodeli eneenkcukacha ngakumbi, kwaye labanga ukuba liyakwazi ukuqikelela ixesha lokuvutha kwexesha elizayo kwiiyure ezimbalwa (3). Ngokwale modeli, ukuvutha okulandelayo kuya kwenzeka ngoJulayi 31, 2019 kwaye ixesha laxelwa kwangaphambili ngempazamo yeeyure ze-4.4. Ikwaqikelele ukuqaqamba kokudangala okubangelwa yimpembelelo okwenzekayo ngelo xesha. Umsitho wabanjwa kwaye waqinisekiswa ngu Ii-NASA's Spitzer isithuba ITelescope (4), ethathe umhlala phantsi ngoJanuwari 2020. Ukujonga isiganeko esixeliweyo, iSpitzer yayikuphela kwethemba lethu kuba lo mlilo wawungabonwa nangayiphi na enye iteleskopu emhlabeni okanye emhlabeni. ukuhamba, njengoko iLanga lalikwikroza leCancer elineOJ 287 kunye noMhlaba ukumacala alo ahlukeneyo. Olu qwalaselo lukwangqina ukuba i-OJ 287 iyakhupha amaza omxhuzulane kubude be-infra-red, njengoko kuxelwe kwangaphambili. Ngokwalo mbono ucetywayo ukuvutha okubangelwa yimpembelelo kwi-OJ 287 kulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke ngo-2022.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwala madangatye kubeka umqobo kwi “Akukho theory yeenwele” (5,6) ethi ngelixa imingxunya emnyama zingenawo umphezulu wokwenyani, kukho umda ozingqongileyo apho kungekho nto – nokuba kukhaphukhaphu – inokusinda. Lo mda ubizwa ngokuba yi-horizon yesiganeko. Le ithiyori ikwachaza ukuba umcimbi owenza umngxuma omnyama okanye owela kuwo "uyanyamalala" emva Umngxunya omnyama i-horizon yesiganeko kwaye ngoko ke ayifikeleleki ngokusisigxina kubakhi-mkhanyo bangaphandle, ebonisa ukuba imingxunya emnyama bangabi "nonwele". Esinye isiphumo esikhawulezileyo sethiyori kukuba imingxunya emnyama inokubonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nabo Bunzima, intlawulo yombane kunye ne-intrinsic spin. Ngokutsho kwezinye izazinzulu, lo mda wangaphandle womngxuma omnyama, oko kukuthi i-horizon yesiganeko, inokuba neqhuma okanye ingaqhelekanga, ngaloo ndlela iphikisana ne “No hair theorem”. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu kufuneka aqinisekise ukuchaneka kwe-"No hair theorem", inkcazo kuphela ecacileyo kukuba ukusabalalisa kobuninzi obungalinganiyo bomngxuma omkhulu omnyama kuya kuphazamisa isithuba ukuyijikeleza ngendlela enokuthi ikhokelele kutshintsho lwendlela encinci Umngxunya omnyama, kwaye utshintshe ixesha le umngxuma omnyama ngayo Ungqubano nediski yolwando kuloo nto ukuhamba, ngaloo ndlela kubangele utshintsho kwixesha lokubonakala kweeflare ezibonwayo.

Njengoko kunokulindeleka, imingxunya emnyama kunzima ukuphonononga. Yiyo loo nto, njengoko sisiya phambili, uninzi lwezimvo zovavanyo malunga Umngxunya omnyama ukusebenzisana, kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo kunye neminye imingxunya emnyama, kufuneka kufundwe ngaphambi kokuba umntu aqinisekise ubunyani be-"No hair theorem".

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Iingxelo:

1. Valtonen V., Zola S., okqhubekayo. I-2016, "I-Primary hole emnyama ijikeleza kwi-OJ287 njengoko imiselwe yi-General Relativity centenary flare", i-Astrophys. J. Lett. 819 (2016) no.2, L37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/819/2/L37
2. Abbott BP., okqhubekayo. 2016. (i-LIGO yoBambiswano lwezeNzululwazi kunye ne-Virgo Collaboration), "Ukuqwalaselwa kwamagagasi e-Gravitational avela kwi-Binary Black Hole Meger", i-Phys. UMfundisi Lett. 116, 061102 (2016). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102
3. Dey L., Valtonen MJ., Gopakumar A. okqhubekayo 2018. "Ukuqinisekisa ubukho be-Relativistic Massive Black Hole Binary kwi-OJ 287 Ukusebenzisa i-General Relativity Centenary Flare: Ukuphuculwa kweeParameters ze-Orbital", I-Astrophys. J. 866, 11 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadd95
4. Laine S., Dey L., okqhubekayo 2020. "Ukuqwalaselwa kwe-Spitzer ye-Eddington Flare eqikelelweyo evela kwi-Blazar OJ 287". Iileta zeJenali ye-Astrophysical, vol. 894, Nombolo 1 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab79a4
5. Gürlebeck, N., 2015. "I-Theorem yokungabikho kweNwele yeMingxunya emnyama kwiiNdawo ze-Astrophysical", Iincwadi zokuHlola eziPhezulu 114, 151102 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.151102
6. Hawking Stephen W., et al 2016. Iinwele ezithambileyo kwimingxunya emnyama. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.00921.pdf

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