Uqikelelo lweMozulu yeSithuba: Abaphandi balandela umkhondo woMoya weSola ukusuka eLangeni ukuya kwindawo ekufutshane noMhlaba-Inzululwazi yaseYurophu

Abaphandi baye, ngokokuqala ngqa, balandele ukuguquka komoya welanga ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo kwi-Sun ukuya kwimpembelelo yayo kwindawo ekufutshane ne-Earth space kwaye baye babonisa indlela isiganeko semozulu yendawo esinokuthi sichazwe ngayo kwi-2 kwiintsuku ze-2.5 kwangaphambili. Uphononongo luyinoveli ekudibaniseni ukusasazwa komoya welanga kunye neempembelelo zawo kwindawo ekufutshane noMhlaba ukusuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga esithubeni. Oku kubonisa ukuba iisathelayithi ezibekwe kwindawo eyiyo emajukujukwini zinokusetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni ukusasazeka kwemimoya yelanga ukuya emhlabeni enokuphucula kakhulu uqikelelo lwemozulu yasesibhakabhakeni. Ukongeza, i "Vigil mission" ecwangcisiweyo ye-European Space Agency (ESA) ikwajonge ukubeka iliso kwimimoya yelanga ukunika izilumkiso zangaphambili zezaqhwithi zelanga ezizayo ukusuka kwindawo yeFifth Lagrange (L5) kumgama osondeleyo we-150 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ukusuka eLangeni. . Ngoku ikwinqanaba lophuhliso, iya kubonelela ngedatha yexesha lokwenyani leenkonzo zemozulu yasemajukujukwini emva kokusungulwa kwayo ngo-2031.

Uqikelelo lwemozulu (oko kukuthi, siya kuba njani isantya somoya, imvula, ubushushu, ukukhanya kwelanga njl.njl) kwindawo ibalulekile kuthi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi eziphathelele kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kuquka ezolimo, ezothutho, ulonwabo kunye nolonwabo njl.njl. Uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwemozulu. inceda uqoqosho kwaye yenza ubomi bethu bube lula kwaye bukhululekile kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kusinika ixesha lokudibanisa izixhobo ukuze sithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela ukukhusela kumonakalo wobomi kunye nepropathi kwiziganeko zemozulu ezimbi ezifana nezikhukhula, iinkanyamba, amaza obushushu, imvula enkulu njl.

Imozulu eMhlabeni iyasiphembelela, kunjalo “nemozulu emajukujukwini”. Ngenxa yokuba isijikelezi-langa esiyikhaya lethu uMhlaba siyinxalenye yenkqubo yeenkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi ekuthiwa yiLanga (ethi yona, iyinxalenye encinane kumnyele ongabalulekanga kakhulu kwiNdalo yonke ebizwa ngokuba yiMilky Way ), ubomi bethu nempucuko yethu eMhlabeni iphenjelelwa ziimeko. esithubeni ingakumbi imozulu eyenzeka kwindawo esihlala kuyo kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa. Naluphi na utshintsho olubi kakhulu kwimozulu emajukujukwini lubeka isoyikiso kubomi bebhayoloji kunye nombane kunye nezixhobo zombane ezisekwe kwitekhnoloji eMhlabeni nakwindawo. Iinkqubo zombane kunye nekhompyutha, iigridi zamandla, imibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi, i-telecom, unxibelelwano lukanomathotholo oluquka uthungelwano lweefowuni eziphathwayo, iGPS, uthungelwano lwasesibhakabhakeni kunye neenkqubo, unxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, i-intanethi njalo njalo. kwimozulu yasemajukujukwini. Oosomajukujuku kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe emajukujukwini ezifana neziphekepheke zisemngciphekweni. Bekukho iimeko ezininzi zoku kwixesha elidlulileyo umz., ngoMatshi 1989 'iQuebec Blackout' eCanada eyabangelwa ngenxa yokudangala okukhulu kwelanga yonakalise kakubi igridi yombane. Ezinye iisathelayithi nazo zonakaliswe. Ke ngoko, isinyanzeliso senkqubo yokuqikelela imozulu yendawo, kanye ngendlela esineenkqubo zokuqikelela imozulu eMhlabeni.

Ukuqala, eyona nto idlala indima enkulu kwimeko yemozulu eMhlabeni yimisinga “yomoya” oquka iimolekyuli zerhasi kwiatmosfera yoMhlaba. Kwimeko yemozulu emajukujukwini, “ngumoya welanga” oquka imisinga yamandla aphezulu amasuntswana e-ioned anjengeeelectron, amasuntswana ealpha njl. njl umhlaba.

Uqikelelo lwemozulu yasemajukujukwini, ke ngoko, lubandakanya ukuqikelela iimeko zomoya welanga ngokusekwe ekuqondeni kwangoku ukumila kwawo, ubungakanani kunye nokushukuma esithubeni. Siyazi, ukukhutshwa ngequbuliso kobuninzi be-coronal layer yeLanga (okungukuthi. I-Coronal Mass Ejections okanye i-CMEs) inxulumene neemeko ezinzulu zomoya welanga okanye izivunguvungu zelanga. Ke, uqwalaselo lwe-CME's okanye i-photospheric magnetic fields lunokunika ingcamango malunga nokuthintela isaqhwithi somoya welanga kodwa inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuqikelela imozulu yendawo ingafuna ukudibanisa imodeli kunye noqwalaselo lomoya welanga ukufumana uqikelelo lwenyani (oko kukuthi ukulinganisa idatha). Oku ke, kuya kufuna umkhondo othe gqolo wenguquko yomoya welanga ukusuka ekuqaleni kwawo eLangeni ukuya kwimpembelelo yawo kwindawo ekufutshane noMhlaba.

Njengoko bekuxeliwe nge-09 kaSeptemba 2024, abaphandi abavela kwi-VSSC, ISRO, okokuqala, balandelele ukuvela komoya welanga ukusuka ekusekweni kwawo eLangeni ukuya kwimpembelelo yawo kwindawo ekufutshane ne-Earth space. Ukusebenzisa idatha esuka kwi-TTC (Telemetry, Tracking and Command) imiqondiso yerediyo evela kwi-ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) ukusuka kwi-2015 kunye ne-InSWIM (inethiwekhi yase-Indian ye-Space Weather Impact Monitoring) inethiwekhi, benza imephu yemvelaphi, ukukhawuleza, kunye nokusasazwa kwesantya esiphezulu. imijelo yomoya yelanga (HSS) kwaye iqwalasele impembelelo yayo kwisibanzi esisezantsi se-ionosphere yoMhlaba. babonise ukuba isiganeko semozulu emajukujukwini sinokuqikelelwa njani kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-2.5 kwangaphambili. Uphononongo luyinoveli ekudibaniseni ukusasazwa komoya welanga kunye neempembelelo zawo kwindawo ekufutshane noMhlaba ukusuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga esithubeni. Oku kubonisa ukuba iisathelayithi ezibekwe kwindawo eyiyo emajukujukwini zinokusetyenziswa ekongameleni ukusasazeka kwemimoya yelanga ukuya emhlabeni enokuphucula kakhulu ukuqikelelwa kwemozulu yasemajukujukwini.

UMFANEKISO: NASA, STScI *NASA, ESA kwaye I-CSA*

I-"Vigil mission" ecwangcisiweyo ye-European Space Agency (ESA) ijolise kwakhona ukubeka iliso kwimimoya yelanga ukunika izilumkiso zangaphambili zezaqhwithi zelanga ezizayo ezivela kwi-Fifth Lagrange point (L5) kumgama osondeleyo we-150 million km ukusuka eLangeni. Ngoku ikwinqanaba lophuhliso, iya kubonelela ngedatha yexesha lokwenyani leenkonzo zemozulu yasemajukujukwini emva kokusungulwa kwayo ngo-2031.

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Iingxelo:

Jain RN, okqhubekayo 2024. Impembelelo ye-High-Speed Solar Wind stream phezu kwe-low latitude ye-Ionospheric system - Uphononongo oludibanisa i-Indian MOM kunye ne-InSWIM. Izaziso zeNyanga zeRoyal Astronomical Society, stae2091. Ipapashwe: 09 Septemba 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2091

Turner H., 2024. Uqikelelo lophuculo olusuka kwi-solar wind data assimilation. Ithisisi yePhD. IYunivesithi yokuFunda. 21 Meyi 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48683/1926.00116526 Iyafumaneka kwi https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/116526/1/Turner_thesis.pdf

ESA. Ukhuseleko emajukujukwini-Umsebenzi wokuVigil. Ifumaneka e https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Vigil

I-Eastwood JP, ngo-2024. I-Vigil Magnetometer yeeNkonzo zeMozulu zeNdawo yokuSebenza ukusuka kwi-Sun-Earth i-L5 Point. Imozulu yendawo. Ipapashwe okokuqala: 05 Juni 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003867

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