I-Artemis Moon Mission: NgakwiNdawo eNzulu yokuHlala kwabantu 

Isiqingatha senkulungwane emva kweeMishini zeApollo ezivumela amadoda alishumi elinambini ukuba ahambe inyanga phakathi kwe-1968 kunye ne-1972, NASA imiselwe ukuqalisa amabhongo Artemis Moon Umnqophiso uyilelwe kungekuphela nje ukudala ixesha elide umntu ubukho kwaye ngeenxa zonke kwi inyanga kodwa nokufunda izifundo ukulungiselela umntu iimishini kunye neendawo zokuhlala mars. Kunzulu isithuba umntu indawo yokuhlala, ukwenza abantu ukuba sininzi iplanethi iintlobo zokuthintela umngcipheko wokutshabalala kuseliphupha elikude kakhulu nangona kunjalo isiqalo siyakwenzeka kwikamva elingekude.

U-Artemis I, uvavanyo lwendiza olungenamsebenzi, owokuqala kuthotho lwe Artemis's imisebenzi entsonkothileyo ngokuya kwi inyanga, icwangciselwe ukunduluka ngomhla wama-29 ku-Agasti 2022. Oku kuya kuvula indlela yeenqwelomoya zabasebenzi bexesha elizayo (uArtemis II, uArtemis III, nangaphaya) ukuya oyinyanga umphezulu. Ngo-2024, u-Artemis uya kumisa umfazi wokuqala kunye nomntu wokuqala webala inyanga.  

Yintoni iiseti Artemis ngokwahlukileyo yinjongo yayo yokwakha isiseko senkampu kumphezulu wenyanga ukunika oosomajukujuku indawo yokuhlala nokusebenza inyanga. I-Artemis Base Camp ibandakanya ikhabhinethi yanamhlanje, i-rover, kunye nekhaya elihambayo. Yinyaniso leyo abantu bebephila kwaye basebenza kwi-International isithuba Isitishi (ISS) iminyaka eliqela nangona kunjalo i-Artemis Mission iya kuvumela oosomajukujuku ukuba baphile kumphezulu womnye umzimba wesibhakabhaka, kungoko umntu unokuxoxa ngelithi uArtemis uya kuba linyathelo lokuqala elibambekayo elikhokelela kubukoloniyali obunzulu. isithuba. Lo mba wenza ukuba uArtemis abe ngokhethekileyo.  

UArtemis inyanga Umnqophiso, Ii-NASA's inkqubo yentsebenziswano kunye neYurophu isithuba I-Arhente (ESA) kunye neCanada isithuba I-Arhente (CSA) ineenjongo ezintathu-ukufunyanwa kwezenzululwazi, iinzuzo zoqoqosho, kunye nenkuthazo kwisizukulwana esitsha. Kukho iinxalenye ezintandathu zobuthunywa  

• I-Orion spacecraft: Isithuthi sokuhlola esiza kuthwala abasebenzi ukuya kuso isithuba, unikeze isisu esiphuthumayo, ugcine abasebenzi ngexesha lokuhamba kwaye unikeze ngokukhuselekileyo ukungena kwakhona eMhlabeni.  
• isithuba IRokethi yeNkqubo yokuQalisa (i-SLS): Irokethi ephakamisa izinto ezinzima eza kuphehlelela isiphekepheke seOrion. 
• IiNkqubo zeGround Ground (EGS): ziya kuxhasa ukusungulwa kunye nokubuyiselwa koosomajukujuku ababuyayo. 
• Isango: isiphekepheke kwinyanga ukuhamba eya kusebenza njengeendawo ezininzi ezingaphandle ukujikeleza le inyanga apho oosomajukujuku baya kutshintshela phakathi kwe-Orion kunye nomhlali. Oku kuya kubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwixesha elide umntu buyela kumphezulu wenyanga  
• umntu Inkqubo yokuHlala: ILander iya kuthatha oosomajukujuku ukusuka kwiSango kwinyanga ukuhamba kumphezulu we inyanga kwaye ubuyela kwiGateway kwi ukuhamba. 
• I-Artemis Base Camp: iya kusebenza njengekhaya kunye nendawo yokusebenzela yabasebenzi bosomajukujuku abane kumphezulu wolwandle. inyanga malunga neentsuku ezingama-30-60. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba abasebenzi bahlale kwindawo inyanga ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezimbini ngexesha. 

umntu inkqubo yokuhlala yeyona nto iphambili kubuthunywa bokuphila ixesha elide ebunzulu isithuba zombini ukwandisa ubude bexesha lokusebenza kunye nokuba sempilweni entle ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni kasomajukujuku. Oku ngokuqinisekileyo kunyanzelekile kumsebenzi wexesha elizayo mars. I-Transit Habitat ijongwa kwimishini yexesha elide.  

Ixhaswe umntu indawo yokuhlala phezu komhlaba inyanga lusukelo olunamabhongo kakhulu ngenxa yemiceli mngeni eyodwa eyenziwa yimekobume yenyanga kunye nokuba kude noMhlaba. Ngaphandle koku, amava afunyenwe ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kweZizwe ngezizwe isithuba Isitishi (ISS) ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini kufuneka sibe negalelo kuArtemis inyanga Umnqophiso.  

I-Artemis Base Camp, njengekhaya lokuqala lomntu ixesha elide emhlabeni ngaphandle koMhlaba iya kwenza umntu imisebenzi ukuya mars. Ngale nto, ingcamango yokwenza abantu ezininziiplanethi iintlobo ziqala.

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Imithombo:  

1. NASA. UArtemis. Ifumaneka e https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/ 

2. NASA. Inkqubo yeArtemis. Ifumaneka e https://www.nasa.gov/artemisprogram 

3. G. Flores, D. Harris, R. McCauley, S. Canerday, L. Ingram noN. Herrmann, “Deep isithuba Indawo yokuhlala: Ukuseka indawo eZinzileyo umntu Ubukho eNyangeni naNgaphaya,” iNkomfa ka-2021 ye-IEEE Aerospace (50100), 2021, iphepha 1-7, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438260 

4. NASA. I-Artemis Deep Space Habitation: Ukwenza ukuba kuZinziswe umntu Ubukho eNyangeni naNgaphaya. Ifumaneka e https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220000245/downloads/Artemis%20Deep%20Space%20Habitation%20Enabling%20a%20Sustained%20Human%20Presence%20on%20the%20Moon%20and%20Beyond%20(3).pdf 

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