Inzululwazi ye-Exoplanet: UJames Webb Ushers kwiXesha elitsha  

Ukufunyanwa kokuqala kwekharbon diokside kwiatmosfera ye-a iplanethi ngaphandle kwesixokelelwano selanga, umfanekiso wokuqala we- exoplanet by IJWST, umfanekiso wokuqala we exoplanet eyakhe yathathwa kubude obunzulu be-infrared wavelength, ukufunyanwa kokuqala kwamafu e-silicate kwiatmosfera yeplanethi-mass companion…., UJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) ingenisa ixesha elitsha kuphononongo lwee-exoplanets. 

Ukufunda kwe exoplanets (oko kukuthi, iiplanethi ezingaphandle kwesixokelelwano sokukhanya kwelanga) kwiinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi ze iinkwenkwezi kwiminyele (kubandakanywa neyethu kumnyele wasekhaya oMilky Way) bamba isitshixo kukhangelo lokuhlala emhlabeni maplanethi kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye neemeko ezixhasa ukuxhasa ubomi. Ii-Exoplanets zezona zinto ziphambili ekukhangeleni imisayino yobomi obungaphaya komhlaba. Kwiminyaka emininzi yokucinga emva kwe-paradox kaFermi (1950) kunye ne-equation kaDrake (1961), exoplanet isayensi ibonakala isanda ngoku. Ngaphezu kwama-5000 exoplanets kuquka kwiminyele engaphandle kwekhaya lethu Galaxy, sele zifunyenwe kwaye uluhlu luyakhula.  

IJWST, esandula ukusebenza njengendawo esekwe kwisithuba se-Infrared Observatory egunyaziswe kumgama oziikhilomitha ezi-1 ukusuka eMhlabeni iyoyisa imida yokulinganisa i-photometric yeeteleskopu zamehlo ngendlela enkulu kwaye ibonakala ingenisa ixesha elitsha kuphononongo lwe. exoplanets kwaye emva koko kukhangelo lokuhlala maplanethi kwi umnyele wasekhaya Nangaphezulu.  

Olunye uphuhliso lwamva nje oluchazwe ngaphambili kwi-24^th Ngo-Agasti 2022 luphawu lokuqala oluqinisekileyo lwekharbon diokside (CO₂) kumoya we- exoplanet. I-WASP-39b sisigebenga segesi eshushu. Uphononongo lwangaphambili olusebenzisa iiteleskopu zamehlo lubonise ubukho beCO₂ kodwa uphononongo lwe-spectroscopy yosulelo olufunyenwe nge IJWST ubukho obuqinisekisiweyo be-CO₂ kumoya wale nto exoplanet¹. Ngenxa yoko exoplanet sisigebenga segesi eshushu, ubukho beCO₂ Icebisa ukusekwa kwe-atmosfera ephambili ngokutyebisa ngesinyithi, oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo wezinto ezinzima kune-hydrogen ne-helium uyanda. Ukongeza kwi-CO₂, umoya woku exoplanet kufuneka kwakhona abe namanzi, CO, kunye ne-H₂S. Ubukho be-CO₂ kumoya wesibini womhlaba exoplanet ikwabalulekile nangona oku akunjalo nge-WASP-39b.  

Ukufunyanwa kokuqala okuqinisekileyo kwe-CO₂ ilandelwe ngokukhawuleza yingxelo (ngomhla wama-31^st Agasti 2022) yemifanekiso yokuqala ye- exoplanet ithathwe ngu IJWST, kunye nomfanekiso wokuqala we exoplanet ekhe yathathwa kubude obunzulu be-infrared ngaphaya kwe-5 μm. Oku kwenziwa ngokuqwalaselo lwe coronagraphic exoplanet, HIP 65426 b, usebenzisa IJWSTIkhamera ye-Infrared ekufutshane (NIRCam) kunye nesixhobo se-Mid-Infrared (MIRI). Imifanekiso ye exoplanet HIP 65426 b zibukhali kakhulu eqinisekisa ukuba IJWST inokwenza umfanekiso ngokuthe ngqo ii-exoplanets kwiinkcukacha ezithe kratya ukuze kuqondwe ngakumbi iinkqubo zeplanethi ezikude².  

Ukanti olunye uphuhliso lunike ingxelo ngo-1^st NgoSeptemba 2022 ngowona mgangatho uphezulu wokuthembeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku planari-into eninzi, VHS 1256 b eyabonwa nge IiJWST's Iimowudi ze-NIRSpec IFU kunye ne-MIRI MRS. Amanzi, i<em>methane, i<em>carbon monoxide, i<em>carbon dioxide, i<em>sodium, ne<em>potassium zabonwa kwi<em>spectrum. Ngapha koko, iqela lophando lichonge ngokuthe ngqo amafu e-silicate kwi-atmosfera ye-VHS 1256 b, eyokuqala ukufunyaniswa kwe planari-iqabane lobuninzi³. 

Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwezi zifundo, ngembeko IJWST, vula ucango lwezinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo malunga ne-exoplanets ekhaya Galaxy Nangaphezulu.

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Iingxelo:  

1. I-JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Ukukhutshwa kwangethuba inzululwazi iqela okqhubekayo 2022. Ukuchongwa kwe-carbon dioxide kwi-exoplanet atmosphere. Ingeniswe nge-24 Aug 2022. Pre-print at arXiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.11692  

2. Carter, AL okqhubekayo. 2022. IProgram ye-JWST yokuKhupha kwangaphambili kweSayensi yokuQatshelwa ngokuNgqongileyo kweeNkqubo ze-Exoplanetary I: i-High Contrast Imaging ye-Exoplanet HIP 65426 b ukusuka kwi-2-16 μm. Ukuprintwa kwangaphambili kwi-arXiv. Ingeniswe nge-31 Aug 2022. DOI: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.14990  

3. Iimayile, BE okqhubekayo. 2022. IProgram ye-JWST yokukhutshwa kwangaphambili kweSayensi yokuQatshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiiNkqubo ze-Exoplanetary II: A 1 ukuya kwi-20 Micron Spectrum yePlanethi-Mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b. Shicilela kwangaphambili kwi-axRiv. Ingeniswe nge-1 Septemba 2022. DOI: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00620  

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