Uhlalutyo lwesampulu ekhoyo yamatye ngaphakathi koHlahlelo lweSampuli kwisixhobo se-Mars (SAM), ilabhoratri encinci kwi-Curiosity. rover ibonakalise ubukho beyona khompawundi inkulu kwi-Mars ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Iqela lophando lichonge ubukho bekhonkco elide lealkanes decane (C10H22), undecane (C11H24), kunye nedodecane (C12H26) ezaziyintsalela ye-fatty acids undecanoic acid, i-dodecanoic acid, kunye ne-tridecanoic acid, ngokulandelanayo egcinwe kwisampuli. Umthombo weemolekyuli awunakuqinisekiswa njengoko i-acids enamafutha inokuba ivela kwimithombo ye-abiotic okanye yebhayoloji.
Iimolekyuli ze-Martian eziphilayo zaqala ukuchongwa ngokucacileyo kwi-2015 kwisampuli ebizwa ngokuba yi "Cumberland". Ukufunyanwa kwangoku kwetsheyini elide le-hydrocarbons decane, i-undecane, kunye ne-dodecane yenziwe kusetyenziswa isampuli efanayo. Kungenzeka ukuba isampuli ine-acids enamafutha e-long-chain ehambelana neenkqubo zebhayoloji. Kodwa ke rover ilabhoratri encinci ayilungiswanga ukuba ibone iiasidi ezinamafutha omde.
Isampuli "Cumberland," iqhutywe yiCuriosity rover ngo-2013 ukusuka kwindawo eseMars' Gale Crater ebizwa ngokuba yi-“Yellowknife Bay” eyayiyindawo yechibi lakudala. Isampulu ifundwe amatyeli amaninzi ngoHlahlelo lweSampulu kwi-Mars (SAM) mini-lab kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ifunyaniswe inezimbiwa zodongwe ezininzi, isulfure, iinitrate, kunye nemethane.
Ukufunyanwa kweentsalela ezinkulu ze-hydrocarbon ezinamafutha acids kubonisa ukuba i-prebiotic chemistry kwi-Mars inokuba ihambele phambili ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekiswa kobomi kuMars kuya kufuna ukubuyiswa kweesampulu zikaMars eMhlabeni ukuze zihlalutywe nzulu. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoku kwandisa amathuba okuba kufunyanwe utyikityo lwebhayoloji yobomi kuMars kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo xa iisampulu zibuyiselwa eMhlabeni kwixesha elizayo.
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Iingxelo:
- Ukukhutshwa kweendaba zeNASA-ICuriosity Rover yeNASA Ichonga ezona Molekhyuli zikhulu zeOrganic ezifunyenwe kuMars. Ithunyelwe nge-24 Matshi 2025. Ifumaneka apha https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-curiosity-rover-detects-largest-organic-molecules-found-on-mars/
- Freissinet C., et al 2025. Ialkanes ezinde zigcinwe kwilitye lodaka laseMartian, Proc. Natl. Akhad. Sci. I-USA 122 (13) e2420580122, Ipapashwe nge-24 kaMatshi 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2420580122
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