I-Mars Orbiter Mission (i-MOM) ye-ISRO: Ukuqonda okuTsha kwi-Prediction ye-Solar Activity

Abaphandi bafunde isiphithiphithi kwiCorona yeLanga besebenzisa unomathotholo Iimpawu ezithunyelwe eMhlabeni ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu mars yokudlala xa uMhlaba kunye mars zazidibene kumacala achaseneyo eLanga (umdibaniso uqhele ukwenzeka kanye kwiminyaka emibini). I unomathotholo imiqondiso evela kwi yokudlala yayidlule kummandla we-corona yeLanga kumgama osondeleyo we-10 Rʘ (1 Rʘ = yelanga irediyo = 696,340 km). Intsalela yefrikhwensi yomqondiso ofunyenweyo yahlalutywa ukufumana i-coronal turbulence spectrum. Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zibonakala zihambelana neziphumo ze-in-situ zikaParker solar Phanda. I-Mars Orbiter Mission (i-MOM) ibonelele ngeendleko eziphantsi kakhulu ithuba lokufunda nge-dynamics kummandla we-coronal (ngokungabikho kweendleko eziphezulu kakhulu kwi-situ). yelanga probe) kunye nombono omtsha wendlela yophando lwesiphithiphithi yelanga ummandla we-coronal usebenzisa imiqondiso yerediyo ethunyelwa ngu- mars orbiter to Earth inokunceda ukuphucula ukuqikelela yelanga umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo zobomi kunye nempucuko eMhlabeni. 

The mars I-Orbiter Mission (MOM) yaseIndiya isithuba Umbutho woPhando (ISRO) yaphehlelelwa ngomhla wesi-5 kuNovemba ka-2013 ngesicwangciso sobomi beenyanga ezi-6. Ibudlule kakhulu ubomi bayo kwaye ngoku ikwinqanaba elongeziweyo lobuthunywa.  

Iqela labaphandi basebenzise imiqondiso yerediyo evela kwi yokudlala ukufunda i yelanga corona xa Umhlaba kunye mars babengamacala ahlukeneyo eLanga. Ngexesha lokuhlangana, okuhlala kwenzeka kanye kwiminyaka emibini, imiqondiso yerediyo evela kwi-orbiter inqumla yelanga ummandla we-coronal usondele njenge-10 Rʘ (1 Rʘ = yelanga radii = 696,340 km) i-helio-altitude ukusuka kumbindi weLanga kwaye inika amathuba okufunda yelanga amandla.  

The yelanga I-corona ngummandla apho amaqondo obushushu anokuba phezulu ukuya kutsho kwizigidi ezininzi zeedigri ze centigrade. Imimoya yelanga iqala kwaye ikhawuleza kulo mmandla kwaye igubungela i-interplanetary zithuba ezimise imagnethi yeeplanethi kwaye zichaphazele i isithuba imozulu kufutshane-Ehlabathini okusingqongileyo. Ukufunda oku kubalulekile¹. Ukuba ne-in-situ probe inokuba yinto efanelekileyo kodwa ukusetyenziswa kweesignali zikanomathotholo (ezithunyelwa sisiphekepheke kwaye zifunyenwe eMhlabeni emva kokuhamba kwingingqi yecoronal zibonelela ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo.  

Kwiphepha lakutshanje² epapashwe kwiZaziso zeNyanga zeRoyal Astronomical Society, abaphandi bafunde isiphithiphithi kwingingqi ye-coronal yelanga ngexesha lokuhla kwesigaba somjikelezo welanga kwaye baxela ukuba imimoya yelanga ikhawuleza kwaye ukuguquka kwayo ukusuka kwi-subalfvenic ukuya kwi-super-allfvenic flow kwenzeka malunga ne-10-15. Rʘ. Bafumana i-saturation kwi-helio-altitudes ephantsi ngokuthelekiswa nexesha eliphezulu lomsebenzi welanga. Ngenzeka, esi siphumo sibonakala sixhaswa kukujongwa ngokuthe ngqo kweSolar Corona nguParker Probe³ njengokuba.  

Njengoko i-corona yelanga iyi-plasma medium ehlawulweyo kwaye inesiphithiphithi sangaphakathi, yazisa iziphumo ezisasazekayo kwiiparamitha zamaza erediyo ye-electromagnetic ahamba kuyo. Isiphithiphithi kwi-coronal medium sivelisa ukuguquguquka kuxinzelelo lweplasma olubhaliswa njengokuguquguquka kwisigaba samaza erediyo avela ngaloo ndlela. Ke, imiqondiso yonomathotholo efunyenwe kwisikhululo esisezantsi iqulathe utyikityo lwendlela yokusasaza kwaye ihlalutywa ngokubonakalayo ukuze ifumane i-turbulence spectrum phakathi. Oku kwenza isiseko sobuchule besandi serediyo ye-coronal ethe yasetyenziswa sisiphekepheke ukufunda imimandla ye-coronal.  

I-Doppler frequency residuals efunyenwe kwimiqondiso ihlalutywa ngokubonakalayo ukufumana i-coronal turbulence spectrum kumgama we-heliocentric ophakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-20 Rʘ. Lo ngummandla apho umoya welanga ukhawuleza kakhulu. Utshintsho kulawulo lwesiphithiphithi lubonakaliswe kakuhle kumaxabiso esalathiso sokubonwa kwe-temporali frequency fluctuation spectrum. Kuqatshelwe ukuba i-turbulence power spectrum (i-temporal spectrum ye-frequency fluctuation) kumgama osezantsi we-heliocentric (<10 Rʘ), ithe tyaba kwiindawo ezisezantsi zezandi ezinesalathisi esisezantsi esihambelana nommandla wokukhawulezisa umoya welanga. Amaxabiso esalathiso sembonakalo esezantsi kufutshane nomphezulu weLanga abonisa ulawulo lokufakwa kwamandla apho isiphithiphithi singekaphuhliswa ngokwaneleyo. Kwimigama emikhulu ye-heliocentric (> 10Rʘ), igophe liya linyuka ngesalathiso se-spectral kufutshane ne-2/3, oko kubonisa ulawulo lwe-inertial yophuhliso lwe-Kolmogorov-uhlobo lwesiphithiphithi apho amandla ahanjiswa nge-cascading.  

Iimpawu ezipheleleyo ze-spectrum ye-turbulence zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nesigaba somjikelezo womsebenzi welanga, ukuxhaphaka kwemimandla esebenzayo yelanga, kunye nemingxuma ye-coronal. Lo msebenzi osekelwe kwidatha ye-MOM ibika ingqiqo malunga nobukhulu obubuthathaka bomjikelezo welanga we-24, orekhodwa njengomjikelo welanga ongaqhelekanga ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi ophantsi ngokubanzi kuneminye imijikelo yangaphambili. 

Okubangela umdla kukuba, olu phononongo lubonisa indlela ephantsi kakhulu yokuphanda kunye nokubeka iliso kwisiphithiphithi kwingingqi ye-coronal yelanga ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuvakala kwerediyo. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekugcineni ithebhu kwimisebenzi yelanga enokuthi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqikeleleni yonke imozulu ebalulekileyo yelanga ngakumbi kwindawo yoMhlaba.  

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29198/scieu/2201151

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Iingxelo:  

1. Prasad U., 2021. isithuba Imozulu, iziphazamiso zeSolar Wind and Radio Bursts. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ipapashwe nge-11 kaFebruwari 2021. Ifumaneka e https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/space/space-weather-solar-wind-disturbances-and-radio-bursts/  

2. UJain R., okqhubekayo 2022. Uphononongo malunga ne-solar coronal dynamics ngexesha le-post-maxima phase ye-solar cycle 24 usebenzisa i-S-band radio signals evela kwi-Indian Mars orbiter mission. Izaziso zanyanga zonke zeRoyal Astronomical Society, stac056. Ifunyenwe kwifom yokuqala ngowama-26 Septemba 2021. Ipapashwe nge-13 kaJanuwari 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac056 

3. J. C. Kasper et al. I-Parker Solar Probe ingena kwi-Magnetically Dominated Solar Corona. I-Phys. UMfundisi Lett. 127, 255101. Ifunyenwe 31 Okthobha 2021. Ipapashwe 14 December 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.255101 

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