Ukufunyanwa kweMinerali yoMhlaba yangaphakathi, iDavemaoite (CaSiO3-perovskite) kumphezulu woMhlaba

Iminerali iDavemaoite (CaSiO3-perovskite, iminerali yesithathu eninzi kakhulu kwindawo ephantsi yengubo Umhlaba Ingaphakathi) ifunyenwe kumphezulu we umhlaba okokuqala. Yafunyanwa ivaleleke ngaphakathi kwedayimani. I-Perovskite ifumaneka ngokwemvelo KUPHELA kwi-mantle ephantsi yomaleko wangaphakathi we umhlaba phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo. Oku kufunyanwa okokuqala ngaphakathi mhlabeni iminerali ngokwendalo ibalulekile kwijoloji ukuze kuqondwe ngcono iintshukumo zobunzulu umhlaba.  

I-Perovskite yiminerali equkethe i-calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO₃). Nayiphi na enye iminerali enesakhiwo sekristale esifanayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-perovskite. Oku kwenza i-perovskite iklasi yeekhompawundi ezinohlobo olufanayo lwesakhiwo se-crystal njengeCaTiO₃ (isakhiwo se-perovskite).    

Calcium-silicate perovskite (CaSiO₃-perovskite okanye iCaPv) iyiminerali ebalulekileyo kuba iyona minerali yesithathu eninzi kakhulu¹ (7% ngokomthamo) kumqolo wengubo esezantsi Umhlaba ingaphakathi kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-dynamics yobushushu be Umhlaba ngaphakathi. Ukubeka izinto ngendlela, kwimigangatho emithathu ye umhlabaUmaleko wengubo, phakathi kombindi oshinyeneyo oshushu kakhulu kunye noqweqwe olucekethekileyo lwangaphandle, lenza i-84% Umhlaba umthamo lilonke lo gama umaleko esezantsi ingubo yodwa iquka 55 ekhulwini umhlaba kwaye isuka kuma-670 kunye nama-2900 km ubunzulu. Le theyibhile ingezantsi inika umbono okhawulezayo wendawo yeperovskite kwi Umhlaba ngaphakathi.  

Itheyibhile: Indawo ye-perovskite etyebileyo yomaleko kumbindi woMhlaba  

I-Perovskites kunye namanye amaminerali kwi-mantle layer idlala indima ephambili kwi-dynamics of deep mhlabeni Kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ukusuka kumbindi ukuya phezulu, okubizwa ngokuba yi-mantle convection. Nangona ubuninzi bayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo, i-perovskite ayizange iphinde ifunyanwe kwi-mantle layer ephantsi, kuba ilahlekelwa isakhiwo sayo ekususweni kwiimeko zayo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.  

Abaphandi banike ingxelo ngoku Ukufumanisa ye-calcium silicate perovskite njengedayimane efakwe kwisampuli yendalo. Idayimani yafunyanwa kumgodi we-Orapa, eBotswana kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye yathengwa yingcali ye-mineralogist yase-USA ngo-1987.umhlaba izimbiwa.  

Iqela lophando elikhokelwa ngu-Oliver Tschauner baqeshe i-synchrotron x-ray diffraction ukufunda ubume bangaphakathi be-specks emnyama engapheliyo kwidayimani ecinga ukuba yi-perovskite ukusuka kumaleko asezantsi e-mantle kwaye bakwazi ukufumana ubungqina obucacileyo be-cubic egcinwe ngokwesakhiwo CaSiO3-perovskite. Pha².  

Uphononongo olongezelelekileyo lwezakhiwo kunye neekhemikhali lubonise ukuba iminerali inezixa ezikhulu zepotassium ebanjisiweyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba le perovskite inokusingatha izinto ezintathu eziphambili ezivelisa ubushushu (i-uranium kunye ne-thorium zaziwa ngaphambili) eziphembelela ukuveliswa kobushushu. Umhlaba ngaphakathi. Babiza i-mineral "davemaoite" (emva kwe-geophysicist Ho-kwang "Dave" Mao) eyavunywa njengeminerali entsha yendalo. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba iminerali inokuba yavela kumaleko asezantsi e-mantle phakathi kwe-650 kunye ne-900 km ubunzulu ngaphantsi komhlaba. ^3,4. 

Okumangalisayo kukuba, iCaSiO₃ I-perovskite kwaxelwa ukuba yafunyanwa kwidayimani enzulu yoMhlaba eMzantsi Afrika ngo-2018 kodwa iqela lophando alizange libange ngokusemthethweni. ukufunyanwahttps://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/biology/discovery-of-nitrogen-fixing-cell-organelle-nitroplast-in-a-eukaryotic-algae/ yeminerali entsha ⁵. 

Oku kufunyanisiweyo, ngokudityaniswa nokufunyanwa okungaphezulu kweeminerali ezininzi kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka kutyebise ukuqonda kokuvela kwengubo yoMhlaba.  

***

Iingxelo:  

1. Zhang Z., okqhubekayo 2021. I-Thermal conductivity ye-CaSiO₃ perovskite kwiimeko eziphantsi zengubo. Uphononongo lwePhysical Review B. Volume 104, Issue 18 – 1. Ipapashwe nge-4 Novemba 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.184101 

2. Feyi,Y. 2021. I-Perovskite ifunyenwe kwi-mantle ephantsi, iSayensi. Ipapashwe nge-11 Nov 2021. Vol 374, Issue 6569 pp. 820-821. Inzululwazi (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4742 

3. Tschauner, O. okqhubekayo. Ukufunyanwa kwe-davemaoite, i-CaSiO3-perovskite, njengeminerali evela kwi-mantle ephantsi. Inzululwazi. 11 Nov 2021. Vol 374, Ushicilelo 6569 iphepha 891-894. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl8568 

4. IYunivesithi yaseNevada 2021. Iindaba - Uphando olufutshane: IMinerali yoMhlaba yokuQala yaNgaphakathi ifunyenwe kwiNdalo. [Iposwe nge-15 Novemba 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.unlv.edu/news/release/research-brief-first-ever-interior-earth-mineral-discovered-nature  

5. Nestola, F., Korolev, N., Kopylova, M. okqhubekayo. I-CaSiO3 perovskite kwidayimane ibonisa ukurisayikilishwa koqweqwe lwe-oceanic kwi-mantle esezantsi. Indalo 555, 237-241 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25972  

***