Imi malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-600 kwintshona yonxweme lwe-Ecuador kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, iziqithi ezinentaba-mlilo yaseGalápagos zaziwa ngobutyebi bazo bendalo kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala zikho. Oku kwaphefumlela ingcamango kaDarwin yokuzivelela kwezinto eziphilayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukunyuka kwe-nutrient-rich Amanzi anzongonzongo ukuya phezulu ixhasa ukukhula kwephytoplankton enceda iGalápagos's zizityebi i-ecosystem iyachuma kwaye iqhubeke. Kodwa loluphi ulawulo kunye nokumisela ukunyuselwa kwamanzi anzulu kumphezulu kwakungaziwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngokophando lwamva nje, isiphithiphithi esimandla esiveliswa yimimoya yasentla yasekuhlaleni kwimida yolwandle olungasentla lumisela ukunyuselwa kwamanzi anzulu phezu komhlaba.
IGalápagos archipelago e-Ecuador ibalasele ngobutyebi bayo neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezizodwa. I-Galapagos National Park igubungela i-97% yendawo yomhlaba weziqithi kwaye amanzi ajikeleze iziqithi atyunjwe 'i-Marine Biosphere Reserve' yi-UNESCO. Ulwandle olunemibala iintaka, oonombombiya, ooxam baselwandle, ufudo lwaselwandle oluqubhayo, ufudo olukhulu, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi zaselwandle kunye neemollusk, kunye noofudo bodumo lweziqithi zezinye zezilwanyana ezifumaneka kwesi siqithi.
IGalápagos yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yebhayoloji. Yaduma kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwayo nethiyori ebalaseleyo ye indaleko by ukhetho lwendalo. Isazi ngendalo saseBritani, uCharles Darwin watyelela ezo ziqithi emva phayaa ngowe-1835 ngoxa wayekuhambo ngeHMS Beagle. Izilwanyana ezihlala zikho kwezi ziqithi zamphefumlela ukuba acinge ngemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo ngokhetho lwendalo. Darwin baye baqaphela iziqithi zahlukene ngeempawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezejografi ezifana nomgangatho womhlaba kunye nemvula. Kwakunjalo ngezityalo nezilwanyana kwiziqithi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, iimilo zamaqokobhe ofudo olukhulu zazahluka kwiziqithi ezahlukeneyo - kwesinye isiqithi amaqokobhe ayemile njengesali ngelixa kwelinye, amaqokobhe ayemile okwedome. Oku kuqwalaselwe kwamenza wacinga ukuba izinto ezintsha eziphilayo zinokuvela njani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokupapashwa kwethiyori kaDarwin ethi Origin of Species ngowe-1859, ukwahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kweziqithi zaseGalápagos kwaphawulwa ehlabathini lonke.
Ngenxa yokuba iziqithi zinemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo enemvula eqhelekileyo kunye nohlaza, omnye wemiba kukucacisa indlela yokusebenzisana yezinto ezixhasa nezigcina inkqubo etyebe ngolo hlobo yokuphilisana kwezidalwa equka iindawo zokuhlala ezizodwa zezilwanyana zasendle. Oku kuqonda kubalulekile ekuhloleni nasekunciphiseni ukuba sesichengeni kweziqithi kwiinyani zangoku zokusingqongileyo ezifana imo iyatshintsha.
Kuyaziwa ixesha elithile ukuba ukunyuka (ukunyusa) kwamanzi anzulu anesondlo ukuya kumphezulu wolwandle olujikeleze iziqithi kuxhasa ukukhula kwephytoplankton (microscopic single-celled photosynthetic organisms like algae) ezenza isiseko sokutya. iiwebhu ze-ecosystems zasekhaya. Isiseko esihle sephytoplankton sithetha izidalwa eziya phambili kwikhonkco lokutya ziyachuma kwaye ziyachuma. Kodwa zeziphi izinto ezimisela nezilawula ukunyuselwa kwamanzi anzulu phezu komhlaba? Ngokutsho kophando lwamva nje, imimoya yasemntla yasekuhlaleni idlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ngokusekwe kumfuziselo wokujikeleziswa kolwandle lwengingqi, kufunyaniswe ukuba imimoya yasemntla yasekuhlaleni kwimida ephezulu yolwandle ivelisa isiphithiphithi esikhulu esimisela ubunzulu bokunyuka kwamanzi anzulu ukuya phezulu. Lo moya wasekhaya-unxibelelwano lolwandle lusisiseko sokutya kweGalápagos i-ikhosistim. Naluphi na uvavanyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwe-ikhosistim kufuneka kubangele le nkqubo.
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Imithombo:
- Forryan, A., Naveira Garabato, AC, Vic, C. okqhubekayo. Ukunyuswa kweGalápagos kuqhutywa lunxibelelwano lwasekhaya nangaphambili. IiNgxelo zeNzululwazi umthamo we-11, inombolo yenqaku: 1277 (2021). Ipapashwe nge-14 kaJanuwari 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80609-2
- IYunivesithi yaseSouthampton, 2021. Iindaba -Izazinzulu zifumanisa imfihlo ye-ecosystem etyebileyo yaseGalápagos Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2021/01/galapagos-secrets-ecosystem.page . Kufumaneka kwi-15 uJanuwari 2021.
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