Izazinzulu zisebenzise i-algorithm yokucwangcisa idatha enkulu eqokelelwe kwi-1.5 yezigidi zabantu ukuchaza ezine ezahlukeneyo. Ubuntu iintlobo
Ugqirha ongumGrike uHippocrates wayethe kukho izinto ezine ezihlekisayo zomzimba ezimile isimilo sabantu nto leyo ke ibangele ezine ezisisiseko iintlobo zobuntu ebantwini. Akukhange kubekho datha ininzi yesayensi ukuxhasa ithiyori yakhe kwaye ngenxa yoko iye yakhatywa ixesha nexesha. Ingcamango ye Ubuntu kwiPsychology iye yahlala iphikisana. Uphononongo oluninzi lwenziwe kumaqela amancinci kwaye ke iziphumo ezivelisiweyo azikhange zamkelwe jikelele njengoko kunzima ukuziphindaphinda. Akukhange kubekho datha yesayensi kude kube ngoku ukuxhasa ingqikelelo yeentlobo zobuntu.
Lo mbono unokutshintsha ekugqibeleni njengophononongo olutsha olupapashwe kwiNdalo umntu ukuziphatha kubonise ukuba kukho amaqela amane awodwa eentlobo zobuntu kwi abantu ngaloo ndlela echaza ukuba ingcamango kaHippocrates yayiyinyaniso ngokwenzululwazi. Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern basebenzise inani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba be-1.5 yezigidi kwisifundo sabo sokuphuhlisa isethi yedatha. Baqokelele ulwazi oluvela kwiimibuzo ezine kubaphenduli bayo be-1.5 yezigidi kunye nedatha edibeneyo efunyenwe kwi-IPIP-NEO kaJohn Johnson, iprojekthi ye-myPersonality kunye ne-BBC Big Personality Test datasets. Ezi khweshine zaziphakathi kwemibuzo engama-44 ukuya kuma-300 kwaye ziyilwe ngokubanzi ngabaphandi kwiminyaka edluleyo. Abantu ngokuzithandela bathatha le mibuzo ye-intanethi ukuze bafumane ingxelo ngobuntu babo kwaye yonke le datha iluncedo ngoku iyafumaneka kubaphandi kwihlabathi liphela ukuze baphande kwaye bayihlalutye. Kuphela ngenxa yamandla e-intanethi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqokelela idatha enjalo ngokulula kwaye lonke ulwazi lunokungena. Kwakufuneka abantu ababebuza ngaphambili basasazwe kwaye baqokelelwe, nto leyo eyayifuna abasebenzi abaninzi kwaye yayilinganiselwe ngokwejografi. Owona mba unamandla wophononongo lwangoku kukusetyenziswa kwedatha esele ikhona.
Xa abaphandi bazama ukulungisa idatha ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms yokudibanisa yendabuko, bafumana iziphumo ezingachanekanga ezicebise ngokucacileyo iindidi zobuntu ezili-16. Ngoko ke, bagqiba ekubeni batshintshe iqhinga labo. Baqale basebenzisa i-algorithms yokudibanisa esemgangathweni ukukhangela idatha ekhoyo kodwa babeka imiqobo eyongezelelweyo. Benza iyelenqe kwigrafu ye-quadrant malunga nendlela iseti yedatha ebonakalise ngayo iimpawu ezintlanu zobuntu ezamkelwe ngokubanzi: i-neuroticism, i-extraversion, ukuvuleka, ukuvuma kunye nokuba nesazela. Ezi mpawu zibizwa ngokuba 'ziBig Five' zamkelwe njengezona ndawo zithembekileyo neziphindaphindekayo zobuntu bomntu. Ukujonga kwizicwangciso, abaphandi baqaphela iintlobo ezine zobuntu ezisekelwe kumaqela abo aphezulu. Baqhubela phambili kwaye baqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwamaqela amatsha ngokusebenzisa amakhwenkwe afikisayo - athathwa njengabangenamsebenzi kwaye abazingcayo - kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo alelona qela likhulu 'labantu abacingela iziqu zabo' abafanayo kwiidemografi ezahlukeneyo.
The amaqela amane awohlukeneyo bachazwa njengabagciniweyo, imizekelo, i-avareji kunye nokuzicingela.
a) Abantu abagciniweyo azivuleki kodwa zizinzile ngokweemvakalelo. Baziintrovert kwaye ubukhulu becala bayavumelana kwaye banesazela. Olu phawu lolona lungathathi hlangothi nokuba bubudala, isini okanye idemografi.
b) Abantu bokulinganisa nangona zisezantsi kwiimpawu ze-neurotic kodwa ziphezulu kwezinye kwaye zineempawu zobunkokeli. Zintle, zivuleleke kwaye zibhetyebhetye kwizimvo ezintsha kwaye ixesha elininzi zixhomekeke. Abasetyhini babonwa ngakumbi kweli qela. Kwaye ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala ngenxa yokuba amathuba okuba ngumzekelo ayanda ngokuya ngeminyaka. Ababhali bathi ukuba kunye nabantu abaninzi abayimizekelo kunokwenza ubomi bube lula kwaye bukhululeke.
c) Abantu abaphakathi zi extrovert kakhulu kwaye neurotic kwaye olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Aba bantu bakholisa ukuba ne-avareji amanqaku kuzo zonke iimpawu kwaye kweli qela, kukho abafazi kancinci ngaphezu amadoda. Ngokwababhali lo iya kuba ngumntu 'oqhelekileyo'.
d) Abantu abacingela iziqu zabo njengoko eli gama libonisa ukuba zi-extrovert kakhulu kodwa azivuleleki. Abakwamkelekanga okanye banesazela okanye basebenza nzima. Kulindeleke ukuba kukho ulutsha oluninzi kweli qela ingakumbi amakhwenkwe. Kwaye akukho mabhinqa angaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala kweli qela.
Uhlobo 'oluphakathi' lobuntu lunokuthatyathwa njengolona 'lulungileyo' okanye 'olukhuselekileyo'.
Kwakhona kufunyaniswa ukuba njengoko abantu bekhula, oko kukuthi ukusuka ekufikiseni ukuya ebudaleni obudala, iintlobo zobuntu zihlala zitshintsha okanye zitshintshe ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye. Umzekelo abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala badla ngokuba ne-neurotic kwaye abamkelekanga kangako xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala. Uphononongo olunjalo olwenziwe kumlinganiselo omkhulu lubonisa iziphumo ezingcono kodwa ukuba ezi tic tics zitshintsha njani ngokweminyaka kufuneka ziphandwe ngakumbi. Indlela esetyenziswayo eyamkelweyo ibhalwe ukuba yomelele ziingcali. Uphononongo olunjalo alunamdla nje kuphela kodwa lunokuba luncedo ekuqeshweni kwabasebenzi ukuze bakhangele abantu abanokuba ngabafanelekileyo abanokuwufanelekela umsebenzi othile okanye umbutho othile. Inokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kubaboneleli ngenkonzo yokhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo ukuba bakwazi ukuvavanya iintlobo zobuntu ezineempawu ezigqithisileyo. Isenokusetyenziswa kwinkonzo yokuthandana ukudibana neqabane elifanelekileyo elihambelanayo okanye elichasene ngokupheleleyo njengoko kukholelwa ukuba 'izichasi zitsala'.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
UGerlach M et al 2018. Indlela eyomeleleyo yokusetyenziswa kwedatha ichaza iintlobo ezine zobuntu kuzo zonke iisethi ezine ezinkulu zedatha. Ubume bendalo bokuziphatha kwabantu. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0419-z
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