Abaphandi bafunde iziphumo ezineenkcukacha 'zengcinga engathandekiyo' eyenzekayo ixhala kunye nokuxinezeleka
Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 kunye nezigidi ezingama-260 abantu kwihlabathi liphela abahluphekayo ukudangala kwaye ixhala ngokulandelelanayo. Amaxesha amaninzi, umntu uphathwa zezi meko zombini. Iingxaki zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba kunye ixhala zibuhlungu kwizigulana kunye neentsapho zazo kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuzinyanga. Izigulana ezinengxaki ye-neuropsychiatric zidla ngokufumana uluhlu lweemvakalelo ezingalunganga kunye neemvakalelo ezibenza bangabi nathemba ngakumbi ngaloo ndlela bebenza bagxile ngakumbi kwicala elisezantsi layo nayiphi na imeko. Unyango oluthile lobuqu lunokunceda ngokubanzi izigulana ukunciphisa ezinye zeempawu zezi ngxaki. Uhlobo lonyango lwengqondo - unyango lwengqondo-ukuziphatha - luluncedo ekuthinteleni iingcinga neemvakalelo ezingalunganga. Unyango phakathi kwabantu lukwasetyenziswa rhoqo kwiziphumo ezingcono kwizigulana. Amayeza ayacetyiswa kunye nonyango lwengqondo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unyango lokusebenzisana nabanye.
Ukuqonda imiphumo yokudakumba kunye ixhala ngxaki
Kwiphononongo epapashwe kuyo Neuron izazinzulu ziye zafunda indlela iimvakalelo ezilawulwa ngayo yingqondo yethu. Eyona njongo yabaphandi yayikukuphanda ukuba banako na ukuphinda bavelise impembelelo ebuchotsheni eyenzeka kubantu abanengxaki yokudakumba, ixhala okanye ezinye iingxaki ezifanayo. Ezi zigulana zicinga kakhulu kwaye zivame ukubeka ubunzima obungaphezulu kwimiba emibi kunye neziphumo zayo nayiphi na imeko.
Iqela labaphandi abavela kwi-MIT bachonge ummandla ebuchotsheni onxulunyaniswa nokwenza izigqibo ngokweemvakalelo kwaye unoxanduva lokuvelisa iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo. Lo mmandla ubizwa ngokuba 'yi-caudate nucleus' kwaye xa ivuselelwe ikhokelela ekuveliseni iimvakalelo ezingalunganga kunye/okanye izigqibo. Olu phononongo luqhutywe kwizilwanyana okwangoku. Isilwanyana sabonwa ukuba sigxininise ngakumbi kwiingxaki ezimbi zeemeko kwaye kungekhona kwiinzuzo nanini na xa lo mmandla uvuselelwe kwingqondo yabo. Oku kuthathwa kwesigqibo esingenathemba kwaqhubeka ubuncinane kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba uvuselelo lokuqala lwenziwe. Elo qela linye labaphandi belichonge ngaphambili i-neural circuit ebaluleke kakhulu kuhlobo lokwenziwa kwezigqibo olubizwa ngokuba 'yi-approach-avoidance conflict'. Ukwenza ukhetho olunjalo kufuna ukuba umntu alinganise imiba eyakhayo kunye nengalunganga yemeko kwaye oku kubandakanya amanqanaba aphezulu ixhala kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uxinzelelo. Olu xinzelelo ngokucacileyo luchaphazela inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo. Ke ngoko, izilwanyana ziye zaphenjelelwa kwaye emva koko zakhetha ukhetho olunomngcipheko omkhulu phantsi koxinzelelo lokulindela intlawulo engcono.
Ukwenza uqinisekiso, abaphandi banike izilwanyana umvuzo (ijusi) kunye nesivuseleli esingenabubele (i-puff enkulu yomoya ebusweni babo) kwaye emva koko bavuselela i-nucleus yabo ye-caudate ngomsinga omncinci wombane. Kulo lonke ulingo kwakusetyenziswa umlinganiselo owahlukileyo webhaso neentlungu ukuze kugwetywe enoba izilwanyana ziya kwamkela okanye zale kusini na. Lo ngumzekelo wokwenziwa kwezigqibo ofuna uhlalutyo lweendleko kunye nenzuzo. Kwanika umdla ukubona ukuba kuvuselelo ngalunye, xa umlinganiselo weendleko kunye nenzuzo uye wagqwetheka, oko kukuthi iindleko ezingaphezulu kunye nenzuzo enganeno, izilwanyana zaqalisa ukulandula indibaniselwano ezazizamkele ngaphambili. Oku kuqhubekile ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kovuselelo. Oku kubonise ukuba izilwanyana zaqalisa ukuthoba ixabiso lomvuzo ebeziwunqwenela ngaphambili kwaye ingqwalasela yazo yatshintshela ngakumbi kwicala leendleko. Kwakhona, ngokusekwe ekwamkeleni kwabo okanye ukwala umsebenzi wabo wobuchopho kwi-caudate nucleus yatshintsha nanini na kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwipatheni yokwenza kwabo izigqibo. Ke ngoko, olu tshintsho 'kwi-beta frequency' lunokusebenza njenge-biomarker ukubona ukuba izilwanyana ziya kusabela na kumachiza athile.
Ukulawula imo
Abaphandi bachaza ukuba eminye imimandla kwi-nucleus ye-caudate idibene ne-limbic system eyaziwayo ukulawula isimo sengqondo somntu. Le nkqubo isalathisa igalelo kwiindawo zeemoto zengqondo kunye nemimandla evelisa i-dopamine. Ababhali bagqibe kwelokuba mhlawumbi i-nucleus ye-caudate yayiphazamisa lo msebenzi we-dopamine. Ngoko ke, notshintsho oluncinci kwinkqubo yethu lunokuthetha ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukuziphatha kwethu. Iziphumo zolu phononongo zinokusinceda siqonde ukudakumba kunye ixhala ngokweenkcukacha ezinokuthi ke zisincede siphuhlise iindlela ezintsha zonyango ezisebenzayo.
***
{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
I-Amemori K et al 2018. I-Microstimulation ye-Striatal Ibangela uZinzo oluZingisayo kunye noPhindayo oluNgcaciso olubi oluqikelelwa yi-Striatal Beta-Band Oscillation. Neuron. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.022
***
