Uphononongo oluphumeleleyo lubonisa ukuba ukulangazelela kwe-cocaine kunokwehliswa ngempumelelo ukuze kuthotywe umlutha
Abaphandi baye banciphisa imolekyuli yeprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yigranulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) eqhele ukubonwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-cocaine (abatsha nabaphinda abasebenzisi) egazini labo kunye ngengqondo. Le proteni inoxanduva lokuchaphazela amaziko omvuzo wengqondo kwaye ke ukwenza le proteni ingasebenzi okanye "ukuyicima" inokunciphisa inkanuko phakathi kweziyobisi ze-cocaine. Uphononongo olupapashwe kwi Nature Communications iye yaqhutywa kwiimpuku kwaye icetyiswa ngoochwephesha bezonyango njengenyathelo lokuqala elibhekisa kumayeza anokubakho ukunceda abantu boyise ukuba likhoboka lecocaine.
Icocaine ekhobokisa kakhulu
I-cocaine iyabulala iziyobisi kwaye inokubangela iziphumo ezibi zempilo okanye nokufa ngequbuliso kwaye ikwakwindawo yesibini kwezona ziyobisi zingekho mthethweni emhlabeni. Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-15 - 19.3 yezigidi zabantu (okulingana ne-0.3% ukuya kwi-0.4% yabantu bebonke) basebenzisa i-cocaine kanye ngonyaka. I-cocaine iphezulu umlutha njengoko sisivuseleli esinamandla kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukunyamezelana kweziyobisi kunokuvela kwiidosi nje ezimbalwa kunye nesiphelo esikhawulezayo. iziyobisi ukuxhomekeka. I-Cocaine idala ukuxhomekeka kwengqondo kwaye ichaphazela ingqondo. Ubukhoboka becocaine bukhokelela kumonakalo wexesha elide kwimpilo yomntu kubandakanya impilo yomzimba, yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo. Abemi abancinci (abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala) ngabona basemngciphekweni wecocaine kuba ibangela uvuselelo lwethutyana kunye nolonwabo kwaye le minyaka iqhelekile ukuba likhoboka.
ICocaine umlutha weziyobisi sisifo esintsonkothileyo esingabandakanyi kuphela utshintsho kwingqondo yomsebenzisi kodwa kunye notshintsho olukhulu kuluhlu olubanzi lwentlalo, yosapho kunye neminye imiba yokusingqongileyo. Unyango lokukhotyokiswa kwecocaine luntsonkothile kakhulu njengoko kufuneka lujongane nalo lonke olu tshintsho ecaleni kolunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okwenzekayo olufuna ungenelelo olongezelelweyo lokuziphatha okanye amayeza. Iindlela zesiNtu zokunyanga ukubulawa kwe-cocaine okanye ukufuna indlela yokuziphatha ngokubanzi kubandakanya unyango lwengqondo kunye "nonyango luncediswa ngamayeza". 'Iinkqubo ezinamanyathelo ali-12' ngokwesiqhelo zibandakanya iinqobo ezikhuthazayo zefiziyoloji ezifana nenkalipho, ukunyaniseka novelwano kunye nonyango lwengqondo eyenziwa ngaxeshanye. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lolo nyango lwengqondo kunye nokungenelela kokuziphatha kuxhomekeke kumazinga aphezulu okusilela kunye nokwanda kwezehlo zokuphinda ubuyele. Olu pho nonongo olukhokelwa nguDkt Drew Kiraly kwi-Icahn School of Medicine eNtabeni yeSinayi, eU.SA luye lwabizwa ngokuba "luchulumancisayo" kunye "noveli" ngenxa yokuba le sihlandlo sokuqala enye indlela yeenkqubo zokunciphisa umlutha zichazwe. Linyathelo elikhulu kwicala elitsha lokulawula kunye nokucima umlutha wecocaine kwizigulana.
Indlela entsha ye-cocaine de addiction
Iprotheyini ye-G-CSF ibonwa ikwazi ukuvelisa uphawu oluhle kumaziko omvuzo we ngengqondo. Abaphandi kulindeleke ukuba bafumanise ukuba xa befaka le proteni ngokuthe ngqo kumaziko okuvuza ingqondo yeempuku (ebizwa ngokuba yi "nucleus acumbens"), kukho ukonyuka okukhulu kwindlela yokufuna i-cocaine kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cocaine iyonke phakathi kweempuku njengoko zazibonwa ukuba zinqwenela. Ukujolisa okanye ukwenza i-G-CSF ingathathi ntweni inokuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo, eyenye indlela yokuphelisa obu bukhoboka. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, unyango olukhuselekileyo noluvavanyiweyo sele lukhona ukwenza i-G-CSF ingathathi hlangothi. La machiza asetyenziswa rhoqo ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iiseli zokulwa nosulelo) emva kwechemotherapy ngexesha lonyango. umhlaza kuba ichemotherapy idla ngokucinezela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Xa la machiza ayelawulwa ukuze anciphise i-G-CSF, iimpuku zaphulukana nayo yonke inkuthazo kunye nomnqweno wokufuna icocaine. Kanye ngelo xesha yayilutshintsho olukhulu. Kwakhona, akukho okunye ukuziphatha kwesilwanyana kwatshintshwa kule nkqubo, ngelixa iimvavanyo ezininzi zeklinikhi ngaphambili zibonise amandla okuxhatshazwa ngokungeyomfuneko kulo naluphi na uhlobo lweyeza elizanyiweyo. de umlutha. Oku ibiluphawu olubalulekileyo lokuba abaphandi bakwazi ukujongana nokulutha kwe-cocaine ngezi sele zivavanyiwe kwaye ivunyiwe yi-FDA. iziyobisi
Ngaba inokwenzeka?
Ababhali babonisa ukuba ukuqala ukusebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lweyeza elitsha lihlala lithwele imingeni ebandakanya iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka, iindlela zokuhambisa, ukhuseleko, ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi. Ababhali banyanzelisa ukuba xa ingcaciso engakumbi ifumaneka ekuqondeni ukuba le proteni inokujoliswa njani ngcono ekunciphiseni ukuziphatha okukhobokisayo, amathuba aphezulu okuguqulela iziphumo kulingo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abangabantu kuya kwenzeka. Unyango olufanayo lunokusetyenziswa kwamanye amachiza kunye ne-heroin, i-opium enexabiso eliphantsi (xa kuthelekiswa ne-cocaine) kwaye iyafumaneka kubemi abaninzi kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi okanye ephakathi kwaye zirhweba ngokungekho mthethweni. Kuba uninzi lwamachiza luneziphumo ezifanayo kwaye lujolise kwimimandla yobuchopho, olu nyango lunokuphumelela nakubo. Nangona ngexesha lokupapasha olu phononongo ixesha elinokwenzeka lolingo lomntu lingacacanga, kukho iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokoyisa uninzi lwale mingeni kwaye le yindawo entsha enokubakho yamayeza de-umlutha enokuthi kungekudala ibe "yinyani". Uphononongo lwee-intshi zenzululwazi lusondele kancinci ekufumaneni unyango lokugqibela lwe-cocaine (kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezifanayo) ebantwini ngaphandle kokubandakanya naluphi na olunye utshintsho lokuziphatha okanye nayiphi na imingcipheko esecaleni yokuphuhla kolunye umlutha.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Calipari ES et al. 2018. I-Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor controls neural and behavioral plasticity ekuphenduleni i-cocaine. Nature Communications. 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01881-x
